Antibiotic Resistant

Bacteria
By:
Himanshu Meena
2020CH70168
 Introduction
Antibiotic drug resistance is the ability of a microbe to resist the effects of
medication which was previously used to treat them.

Resistant organisms can withstand attack by antimicrobial medicines, such as

antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, and antimalarial. Standard treatments become
ineffective, and infections persist increasing risk of spread to others.

An estimated 1.2 million people died in 2019

from antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections
Origin of Antibiotics Resistance
Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial
agents may be intrinsic or acquired,
intrinsic resistance as resistance of
Mycoplasma species to B-lactams
antibiotic, due to its lack of cell wall
and pleomorphic characters.
Acquired resistance(AR)
•
Acquired resistance is said to occur when a particular
microorganism obtains the ability to resist the activity of a particular
antimicrobial agent to which it was previously susceptible.

– By mutation

– By horizontal gene transfer

 Different antibiotic resistance
mechanisms in bacteria
Antibiotic modification

Antibiotic degradation

Antibiotic efflux pumps

Target modification

Antibiotic sequestration

Target bypass
 References

● https://theconversation.com/how-to-train-the-bodys-own-cells-to-combat-a
ntibiotic-resistance-106052
● https://www.nfid.org/antibiotic-resistance/what-is-antibiotic-resistance/
● https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Schematic-representation-of-different-a
ntibiotic-resistance-mechanisms-in-bacteria-shown_fig3_344403771
● https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/MMBR.00016-10
● https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6604941/
● https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02928/full
● https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/about/how-resistance-
happens.html#:~:text=Antimicrobial%20resistance%20is%20a
%20naturally,germs%20and%20their%20resistance%20mechanisms.