Information Systems

Akshay B
● Information Systems are a set of interconnected elements working
together to collect, process, store, and distribute information to help
coordination, analysis, and decision making.
● The Information System can be defined as a collection of software,
hardware, and telecommunications network that people develop and
use to gather, create, and distribute useful data, mainly in
organizational settings.
History of education of Information Systems

● The education of information systems (IS) has its roots in the 1960s and 1970s when
computer technology began to be widely adopted in businesses and organizations.

● Initially, IS education focused on technical training for computer programmers and

operators, but as the role of computers in business expanded, so did the need for more
specialized training in IS.

● In the 1980s and 1990s, universities began offering undergraduate and graduate
degree programs in IS.

● These programs focused on teaching students about the design, development, and
management of information systems, as well as the broader business and
organizational contexts in which IS operate.
● In the early 2000s, the rise of e-commerce and the internet spurred further changes in
IS education.

● Programs began to offer courses in web development, database management, and

information security, among other topics.

● As mobile technology and social media became more prevalent, IS education

expanded to include courses in mobile application development and social media
analytics.

● Today, IS education continues to evolve in response to changes in

technology and the needs of businesses and organizations.

● Programs now offer specialized tracks in areas such as cybersecurity,

business analytics, and digital innovation, among others.

● The increasing importance of data science and machine learning has also
led to the development of new programs that combine IS with other fields,
such as statistics, mathematics, and computer science
Components of Information System

● There are various components of an Information System:

➢ Hardware
➢ Software
➢ Data
➢ Communication Systems (Procedures, Guidelines)
➢ People
➢ Security
Requirements in Information Systems

➢ Functional Requirements
➢ Non-Functional Requirements
➢ Business Requirements
➢ Technical Requirements
➢ User Requirements
➢ Design Requirements
Importance of Information Systems

➢ Supply of information to decision makers.

➢ Provide real-time data, particularly useful where fast action is needed
➢ Provide archived data, particularly useful for reports,analysis and
business planning
➢ Saves Time
➢ Help in decision makings
➢ Create new Jobs
➢ Better customer service
➢ Cost Reductions
Advantages of Information Systems

○ Improved Decision-Making: IS provides accurate, timely, and relevant

information that can help businesses make better decisions.
○ Increased Efficiency: IS can automate routine tasks and processes,
reducing the need for manual labor and freeing up employees' time for more
valuable work.

○ Enhanced Communication: IS can facilitate communication and collaboration

among employees, teams, and departments within an organization, as well as with
external partners and customers.

○ Improved Customer Service: IS can provide businesses with valuable

insights into customer behavior, preferences, and needs.
○ Competitive Advantage: IS can help businesses gain a competitive
advantage by enabling them to innovate, respond quickly to changing market
conditions, and improve overall efficiency and effectiveness.

○ Better Data Management: IS can store, manage, and analyze large amounts of data,
making it easier for businesses to access and use the information they need.

○ Improved Security: IS can implement security measures such as firewalls, encryption and
access controls to protect businesses and their data from cyber threats.
 Disadvantages of Information Systems

● Cost: Implementing and maintaining IS can be expensive, especially for small businesses or
organizations with limited resources.

● Complexity: IS can be complex, and it can be difficult to understand and manage all the
components involved.

● Dependence: Businesses may become dependent on IS, and if the system fails, it can cause
significant disruptions to operations.
● Security Risks: IS can be vulnerable to cyber attacks, and businesses need to
invest in robust security measures to protect against data breaches and other
cyber threats.

● Training: Employees may require training to effectively use IS, which can be
time-consuming and costly. This can be particularly challenging if the system is
complex or if there is a high turnover rate.

● Privacy Concerns: IS can collect and store large amounts of personal

information, and businesses need to ensure they are compliant with relevant
privacy laws and regulations.
Thank You