PHENOMENOLOG

Y
Phenomenology/
Phenomenological Study
■ -explores what people experienced and
focuses on their experience of a
phenomena.
Phenomenological
Research/Study
■ - is a qualitative research approach that
seeks to understand and describe the
universal essence of a phenomenon.
Phenomenology is a Qualitative
Research
■ -because it involves collecting and
analyzing non-numerical data to understand
concept, opinions, or experience.
■Purpose and Importance of
Phenomenology
Purpose of Phenomenology
■ -The main purpose of Phenomenological
Research are to seek reality from
individual’s narratives of their experiences
and feelings, and to produce in-depth
descriptions of the phenomenon.
Importance of Phenomenology

■ - Helps us to understand the meaning of

people’s lived experience. It also explores
what people experience and focuses on their
experience of phenomena.
■Phenomenological studies can be
divided into three categories;
■ 1. Transcendental Phenomenology – the scientific study of
appearance of things as they are seen and appear on one’s
consciousness.

■ 2. Hermeneutic Phenomenology – focus on making meaning of

experiences as they are lived.

■ 3. Extential Phenomenology – attempting to understand

experiences of an individual from the consciousness of those
having the experience.
Advantages and disadvantages
■ Advantages associated with phenomenology include
better understanding of meanings attached by people and
its contribution to the development of new theories. Its
disadvantages include difficulties with analysis and
interpretation , usually lower levels of validity and
reliability compared to positivism, and more time and
other resources required for data collection.
 Advantages
Wide coverage of the range of
situations.
Can be fast and economical
May be relevant to policy
decisions when statistics are
exaggerated in large samples
Disadvantages
Methods tend to be flexible and artificial
Not very effective in understanding
processes or the significance people
attach to action
Not very helpful in generating
theories because it focuses on what is
or what has been recently. It makes it
hard for policy makers to infer what
actions should take place in the
future
Can look at large processes over
time
Help to understand people’s
meanings
Help to adjust to new issues and
ideas as they emerge
Contribute to the development of
new theories
Gather data which is seen as natural
rather than artificial
Data gathering can take up a great
deal of time and resources
The analysis and interpretation of
data may be difficult
May be harder than positivist
approach to control pace, progress
and end points
Policy-makers may give low
credibility to a phenomenological
study
■Example of Phenomenological
Research
■ ‘Exploring the lived experiences of women
undergoing breast biopsy’
■ Breast biopsy is a procedure to remove a sample of breast
tissue for testing.
■ Biopsy is a small tissue that is removed and check in a lab.
■ You may feel discomfort during the procedure, which can last
about 15 to 20 minutes, but it’s minimal.
■ Tenderness, bruising and tingling are normal side effects.
■Thank you