Respiratory tract anatomy

fig 13-1

1
Conducting zone vs. respiratory zone

fig 13-2

2
Conducting zone functions

Regulation of air flow

trachea & bronchi held open by cartilaginous rings
smooth muscle in walls of bronchioles & alveolar ducts
sympathetic NS & epinephrine  relaxation ( receptors)  air flow
leukotrienes
(inflammation & allergens  leukotrienes  mucus &
constriction)
Protection
mucus escalator (goblet cells in bronchioles & ciliated epithelium)
inhibited by cigarette smoke
Warming & humidifying inspired air
expired air is 37 & 100% humidity (loss of ~400 ml pure water/day)
Phonation
larynx & vocal cords

3
Alveolar structure 1

fig 13-3b

4
Alveolar structure 2

fig 13-4a

5
Alveolar structure 3

fig 13-4b

6
O2 from alveolus  red blood cell in the lung

all O2 movement is by
simple diffusion down its
partial pressure gradient

fig 13-29

7
O2 from rbc Hb  cells

all O2 movement is by
simple diffusion down its
partial pressure gradient

highest P.O2 in alveolus

lowest P.O2 in mitochondria

fig 13-29

8
CO2 from tissues  blood

CO2 transport:
60% plasma HCO3-
30% carbamino hemoglobin
10% dissolved CO2

CA = carbonic anhydrase
H2O + CO2  H2CO3

fig 13-31a

9
CO2 from pulmonary blood  alveolus

CO2 transport:
60% plasma HCO3-
30% carbamino hemoglobin
10% dissolved CO2

CA = carbonic anhydrase
H2O + CO2  H2CO3

fig 13-31b

10
Tx...

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