APPLICATION -

AIR RESISTANCE
I006-KANISHKA BIRLA
I018-EKTA MISHRA
 Introduction To differential
equation
A first-order differential equation is defined by an equation: dy/dx =f (x,y) of two
variables x and y with its function f(x,y) defined on a region in the xy-plane. It has only
the first derivative dy/dx so that the equation is of the first order and no higher-order
derivatives exist. The differential equation in first-order can also be written as;

y'+p(x) y=q(x)
x'+p(y) x=q(y)
 In mathematics history of differential
equations traces the development of
differential equations form calculus, itself
independently invented by English
physicist Newton and German
mathematician Gottfried Leibniz.
The history of the subject of differential
HISTORY equations in concise form a synopsis of
the recent article ‘’The History of
Differential Equations 1670-1950’’.
Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried
Leibniz
 the function y and its derivatives occur in
the equation up to the first degree only

PROPERTIES no products of y and or any of its

derivatives are present

no transcendental functions –
(trigonometric or logarithmic etc) of y or
any of its derivatives occur
 Derivation:
If the function f is a linear expression in y, then the first-order differential equation y’ = f (x, y) is a linear equation. That
is, the equation is linear and the function f takes the form
f(x,y) = p(x)y + q(x)
Since the linear equation is y = mx+b
where p and q are continuous functions on some interval I. Differential equations that are not linear are called nonlinear
equations.
Consider the first-order differential equation y’ = f (x,y), is a linear equation and it can be written in the form
y’ + a(x)y = f(x)
where a(x) and f(x) are continuous functions of x
The alternate method to represent the first-order linear equation in a reduced form is
(dy/dx) + P(x)y = Q (x)
Where P(x) and Q(x) are the functions of x which are the continuous functions. If P(x) or Q(x) is equal to zero, the
differential equation is reduced to the variable separable form.
MODELING WITH FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATION
Mathematical models characterize physical systems, often
using differential equations.
1.Model Construction: Translating physical situation into
mathematical terms. Clearly state physical principles
believed to govern process. Differential equation is a
mathematical model of process, typigally an approximation.
2.Analysis of Model: Solving equations or obtaining
qualitative understanding of solution. May simplify
model, as long as physical essentials are preserved
3.Comparison with Experiment or Observation: Verifies
solution or suggests refinement of model.
 Applications:
The air resistance acting on the body is proportional to the velocity of the free falling object.
Differential equation for free falling body with air resistance is:
Application Based Questions
REFERENCES:
1.https://towardsdatascience.com/
2.https://www.sfu.ca/math-coursenotes/Math%20158%20Course%20Notes/
sec_first_order_differential_equations.html
3.https://math.libretexts.org/Courses/Monroe_Community_College/
MTH_211_Calculus_II/Chapter_8%3A_Introduction_to_Differential_Equations/
8.5%3A_First-order_Linear_Equations
4.https://math.wvu.edu/~jmosele2/DE%20Classnotes-1%20First%20Order
%20ODEs_files/Ch-5%20Mathematical%20Modeling%20Using%20First
%20Order%20ODEs.pdf
Thank You!