Climate change and carbon

neutrality in water industry

JONATHAN WIJAYA
2021315135
 Contents
2

Carbon neutrality

Carbon emission in water industry

Carbon footprint assessment

Carbon reduction strategies

Water efficiency

Challenges and opportunities

Future outlook
Carbon neutrality
3

What?
Having a balance between emitting
(produce) carbon and absorbing (use)
carbon from the atmosphere in carbon
sinks (forest, soil, oceans).

Net zero (cutting greenhouse gas

[GHG] emission as close to zero as
possible).
Source: Kubota
 Carbon neutrality
4

Why?
Avoid the impact of climate change by
slowing down global warming, which
will solve energy crisis, better air
quality, ecological impact.

How?
Reduce GHG emission to limit global
temperature increase to 1.5 degrees
Celsius (The Paris Agreement).

Source: Chen, Innovation (2021)

 Carbon emission in water industry
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Source of carbon emission in water industry based on:

• Water process (from water treatment to wastewater treatment)
• Emission type (direct, indirect, and supply chain)

Source: Rothausen and Conway, Nat. Clim. Change (2011)

Source: aecom
 Carbon emission in water industry
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Example of the carbon (GHG) emission in water

industry using the water flow diagram from UK in
2005-06

Source: Rothausen and Conway, Nat. Clim. Change (2011)

 Carbon footprint assessment
7

Overall calculation of CO2 emission in water and wastewater treatment plant in USA.

Source: WINT white paper

Carbon footprint assessment
8

Detailed energy use and greenhouse gas

emission from some research in USA,
Canada, and South Africa based on the
water processes.

Source: Rothausen and Conway, Nat. Clim. Change (2011)

 Carbon footprint assessment
9

Example of emission factor to calculate GHG emission in wastewater treatment plant

Source: Pradel and Reverdy, Proc. Int. Conf. Solid Waste Technol. Manag. (2012)
Carbon reduction strategies
10

1. Low emission vehicles

2. Water and energy savings
3. Process emissions
4. Renewable power
5. Green gas

Source: Water UK
Carbon reduction strategies
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Source: Xylem
Carbon reduction strategies
12

Source: Xylem
 Carbon reduction strategies
13

Example of GHG emissions reduction in Amsterdam WWTP

Source: Lam et al., Engineering (2022)

 Challenges and opportunities
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Challenges:

• Increase water demand: More water need to be treated.

• Technology: Implementing renewable energy and carbon capture and storage technologies

• Policy and regulations: Permitting requirements, zoning restrictions, and interconnection

standards
 Challenges and opportunities
15

Opportunities:

• Public awareness: Promote sustainability by the water industries

• Innovation: Drive innovation in low-carbon technologies, such as renewable energy and

energy-efficient water treatment processes.

• Policy Support: Government policies and incentives support the transition to carbon
neutrality in the water industry
Thank you