An Integrated vŤew

of second
language
acquŤsŤtŤon
By:
Sumiati (E1D020205)
ApperceŤved
Ťnput is the process of understanding by
Apperception
which newly observed qualities of an object are
related to past experiences. In other words, past
experiences relate to the selection of what might
be called noticed material. Apperception is an
internal cognitive act, identifying a linguistic form
as being related to some prior knowledge.
 FOUR FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES
APPERCEPTION

ATTENTIO
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE NThe degree of
AFFECT The learner's existing conscious
FREQUENC The emotional knowledge and experiences awareness that
state of the related to the language being learners have
Y learner when acquired when
The amount of encountering encountering
exposure that language language input
learners have input.
to the
language
 Comprehended
Ťnput
Comprehended input is closely related to the concept of
apperceived input, as learners need to actively attend to
and process the language input in order to comprehend
it. Learners who are able to comprehend and process
the language input they encounter are more likely to
acquire the language effectively.
comprehended input is learner-controlled; that is, it is the
learner who is or who is not doing the “work” to
understand.
comprehended input is necessary for learners to notice
and internalize the linguistic features of the language.
Learners need to understand the meaning of the
language input in order to identify the underlying
structures and patterns.
 Intake
Intake is a term used in second language acquisition (SLA) to refer to the
language input that learners are able to understand and process in a way that
allows them to internalize it and make it part of their developing
interlanguage system. Intake is the subset of the language input that learners
comprehend and use to acquire the language.
 IntegratŤo
n
Integration refers to the ability of learners to integrate new
linguistic forms and structures with their existing knowledge
of the language in order to develop a more advanced and
accurate system of language use.
Integration involves not only learning the rules and patterns
of the language, but also being able to use them
appropriately in communicative situations
 Outpu
Output tis a term used in second language acquisition (SLA) to
refer to the language produced by learners as they develop their
proficiency in a second language. Output can take many forms,
including speaking, writing, and gesturing, and can be either
planned or unplanned.
Output allows learners to practice and refine the language input
they have comprehended and integrated, as well as to receive
feedback on their language use from others.
 CONCLUSION
S
According to Gass and Selinker, learners must
first comprehend and process language input in
order to make it part of their interlanguage
system through intake. They then must integrate
this input with their existing knowledge of the
language, developing a more advanced and
accurate system of language use. Output is also
critical, as learners must practice and refine
their language use through speaking, writing,
and other forms of communication.
THAN
K
YOU