An Integrated view of

second language
acquisition
By:
Sumiati (E1D020205)
Solhana Arwin Maly (E1D020199)
Apperceived input
Apperception is the process of understanding by
which newly observed qualities of an object are
related to past experiences. In other words, past
experiences relate to the selection of what might
be called noticed material. Apperception is an
internal cognitive act, identifying a linguistic form
as being related to some prior knowledge.
 FOUR FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES APPERCEPTION

ATTENTION
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE The degree of
AFFECT The learner's existing knowledge conscious
FREQUENCY The emotional and experiences related to the awareness that
state of the language being acquired learners have when
The amount of
learner when encountering
exposure that
encountering language input
learners have to
the language language input.
input.
 Comprehended input
Comprehended input is closely related to the concept of
apperceived input, as learners need to actively attend to
and process the language input in order to comprehend it.
Learners who are able to comprehend and process the
language input they encounter are more likely to acquire
the language effectively.
comprehended input is learner-controlled; that is, it is the
learner who is or who is not doing the “work” to
understand.
comprehended input is necessary for learners to notice
and internalize the linguistic features of the language.
Learners need to understand the meaning of the
language input in order to identify the underlying
structures and patterns.
 Intake
Intake is a term used in second language acquisition (SLA) to refer to the
language input that learners are able to understand and process in a way that
allows them to internalize it and make it part of their developing interlanguage
system. Intake is the subset of the language input that learners comprehend
and use to acquire the language.
Integration
Integration refers to the ability of learners to integrate new
linguistic forms and structures with their existing knowledge
of the language in order to develop a more advanced and
accurate system of language use.
Integration involves not only learning the rules and patterns
of the language, but also being able to use them
appropriately in communicative situations
 Output
Output is a term used in second language acquisition (SLA) to
refer to the language produced by learners as they develop their
proficiency in a second language. Output can take many forms,
including speaking, writing, and gesturing, and can be either
planned or unplanned.
Output allows learners to practice and refine the language input
they have comprehended and integrated, as well as to receive
feedback on their language use from others.
 CONCLUSIONS

According to Gass and Selinker, learners must first

comprehend and process language input in order
to make it part of their interlanguage system
through intake. They then must integrate this input
with their existing knowledge of the language,
developing a more advanced and accurate system
of language use. Output is also critical, as learners
must practice and refine their language use
through speaking, writing, and other forms of
communication.
THANK
YOU