REDOX TITRATION

Oxidation numbers - a number given to each atom or ion in a

compound that shows us its degree of oxidation.
• Higher + : more oxidized
• Higher - : more reduced

Oxidation number rules:

1. Uncombined element: zero (0)
Examples:
2. Monoatomic ion: same as charge, G1 and G2 fixed oxidation #s
Examples:

3. Hydrogen is +1 except in metal hydrides: -1

4. Compound: total oxidation number is 0

Example:
5. Polyatomic ion: total oxidation number is equal to its charge
Example:

6. In either a compound or an ion, the more electronegative element is

given the negative oxidation number.
Balancing Redox Equation
For Alkaline medium:
• If we want to balance the redox reaction in alkaline medium, an
additional step is required which is to add OH- to neutralise the H+.
Electrochemistry (PLEASE REVIEW)
• Galvanic Cells
• Cell Potential
• Nernst Equation
• A galvanic cell is any electrochemical
cell in which a spontaneous chemical
reaction can be used to generate an
electric current.

• The name electrochemistry

comes from the observation of
electric currents in galvanic cells.
LARC

• The salt bridge allows ions to flow between each half-cell, completing the circuit.
• Electrodes
• Anode
• Cathode
Standard Conditions:
T: 298K
P: 1atm
C: 1M
• When the SHE is always connected to the
positive terminal, the sign of the potential
tells us the direction of the redox reaction.

• When the potential is negative, the

SHE is the anode, and H2 is oxidized
to H+(aq).

• When the potential is positive, the

SHE is the cathode, and H+(aq) is
reduced to H2.
• more positive SRP: cathode
• more negative SRP: anode.
Example:
• Using standard reduction potentials, identify the anode and the
cathode and determine the cell potential for a galvanic cell composed
of copper and iron. Assume standard conditions.
• Confirm that the potential of the following galvanic cell is 0.462 V:
Non-standard Conditions
• The cell potential at nonstandard conditions is calculated using the
Nernst equation.

• Q is the reaction quotient, F is the Faraday constant, and n is the

number of electrons transferred in the reaction
• R = 8.314 J/K mol
• F = 96,485 J V-1 mol-1 or 96,485 C mol-1
Q = [C]c·[D]d / [A]a·[B]b
where A, B, C, and D are chemical species; and a, b, c, and d are coefficients in
the balanced equation:
aA+bB→cC+dD
Find the cell potential of a galvanic cell based on the following reduction half-reactions at 25 °C
Cd2+ + 2 e- → Cd   E0 = -0.403 V
Pb2+ + 2 e- → Pb   E0 = -0.126 V
where [Cd2+] = 0.020 M and [Pb2+] = 0.200 M.
Permanganatometry
• Potassium permanganate is a very strong oxidizing agent and is
employed in the estimation of reducing agents like ferrous salts,
oxalic acid, arsenious oxide, etc.
• Titrations involving potassium permanganate are usually carried
out in acidic medium.
• MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- = Mn2+ + 4H2O
purple colorless
- Red-Ox titration method used for reducing analytes determination
- Operating solution – Potassium permanganate KMnO4
- Indicator is not needed
Permanganate acts as self indicator.
• https://youtu.be/eEmUrytgWaI
0.2640 g of sodium oxalate is dissolved in a flask and requires 30.74 mL of potassium
permanganate (from a buret) to titrate it and cause it to turn pink (the end point).
The equation for this reaction is:

What is the concentration of the potassium permanganate solution?

The amount of Fe2+(aq) in an FeSO4(aq) solution can be determined by titration with a solution containing a
known concentration of Ce4+(aq). The determination is based on the reaction

Given that it requires 37.50 mL of 0.09650 M Ce4+(aq) to oxidize the Fe2+(aq) in a 35.00 mL sample to
Fe3+(aq), calculate the molarity of Fe2+(aq) and the number of milligrams of iron in the sample.
 An ore is to be analyzed for its iron content by an oxidation-reduction titration with permanganate ion. A
4.230 g sample of the ore is dissolved in hydrochloric acid and passed over a reducing agent so that all
the iron is in the form Fe2+. The Fe2+(aq) is completely oxidized by 31.60 mL of a 0.05120 M solution of
KMnO4. The unbalanced equation for the reaction is

Calculate the amount of iron in the sample and its mass percentage in the ore.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2a5Owqr30A