Penguins huddling to keep warm

HOW ABOUT
HUMAN???
HOMEOSTASIS
What is Homeostasis?
 Body cells work best if they have the
correct
 Temperature
 Water levels
 Glucose concentration

 Your body has mechanisms to keep the

cells in a constant environment.
What is Homeostasis?

The maintenance
of a constant
environment in
the body is called
Homeostasis
 Sensing body temperature
Body temperature is controlled by a region of the brain.

As blood flows around The brain senses

the body, body temperature by
it passes through the sensing the
thermoregulatory centre temperature of the
in the brain. blood.
rest of
the body

Once the brain knows what the body temperature is, it can act to keep
it steady.

How does the body react to hot and cold temperatures?

 Feeling the heat

When you feel too hot, how does

your body react?

You are sweating, which

helps to cool you down.

Another cooling effect is that blood vessels in the skin expand.

This means that more blood gets near the surface of the skin, which is
why some people go red when they are too hot!  Vasodilatation

The expansion of blood vessels uses some of the energy released by

respiration.
 Feeling the cold

The blood vessels under your skin

become narrower. This decreases
blood flow to your skin, retaining heat
near the warm inner body
Vasoconstriction

Your body’s muscles, organs, and

brain produce heat in a variety of
ways. For example, muscles can
produce heat by shivering 
Thermogenesis
Thermoregulation

The conditions outside your body are

constantly changing.

One minute they can be hot, the

next cold.

Despite these changes, your body must be kept at a constant

temperature of…

37oC
The body needs to remain at 37oC is because this is the temperature
at which our enzymes work most effectively.
SO WHAT IS THERMOREGULATION?
Thermoregulation  a process that allows your body to maintain
its core internal temperature
THERMOREGULATION
TOO HOT
● sweat released from
glands, when evaporated it
transfers heat from the
body to the environment
cooling the body down
● Vasodilation-blood vessels
widen to allow more blood
to flow allowing more heat
to radiate into the
environment
● Hairs lie flat reducing
insulation

TOO COLD
● No sweat made
● Vasoconstriction-blood vessels
constrict reducing the blood flow
so there would be less heat
transferred into the
surroundings
● shivering creates heat in the
muscles
● Hairs stand and act as an
insulator that traps the heat and
air