32: Regulation of body

temperature

Q&A

Explain the rise in metabolic rate of homoeothermic animal in cold

temperature.
解釋為什麼恒溫動物在寒冷天氣代謝率會上升 ?

The metabolic rate of the homoeothermic animal rises in colder

temperature so as to produce more

heat to compensate the increased heat loss. This maintains a constant

body temperature.

在低溫下恒溫動物的代謝率會上升來產⽣更多的熱能來補償損失的，這可
維持固定的體溫。
What are the responses of the skin to a sudden hot condition?
⽪膚對突然轉熱有什麼反應？
Vasodilation

⾎管擴張
Increased sweating

增加出汗
The hairs lie flat on the skin

⽑髮平伏

32: Regulation of body temperature 1

 What are the responses of the skin to a sudden cold condition?
⽪膚對突然轉冷有什麼反應？
Vasoconstriction

⾎管收縮
Decreased sweating

減少出汗
The hairs are raised

⽑髮豎⽴
Name some ways of producing more heat in the body during cold condition.
說出⼀些寒冷時⾝體產⽣熱能的⽅法。
In a cold condition, the body has a higher metabolic rate.

⾝體提⾼代謝率。
In a sudden cold condition, shivering can produce heat.

突然轉冷時、顫抖可產⽣熱量。
What are the responses of the body to prolonged hot condition?
⾝體對⻑期炎熱有什麼反應？
(1) The subcutaneous fat becomes thinner

⽪下脂肪變薄。
(2) The metabolic rate becomes slower.

代謝率減慢。
What are the responses of the body to prolonged cold condition?
⾝體對⻑期寒冷有什麼反應？
(1) The subcutaneous fat becomes thicker.

⽪下脂肪變厚。
(2) The metabolic rate becomes faster.

代謝率加快。
Explain why heat loss from a person’s body is mainly through sweating when
air
temperature is higher than the body temperature.

32: Regulation of body temperature 2

 解釋為什麼當氣溫⾼於體溫時，⼈的體熱主要是藉著排汗來消散?
When the air temperature is higher than the body temperature, our body
cannot depend on

losing heat by condution, convection and radiation. Sweating becomes

the main way to lose heat.

The evaporation of sweat can carry body heat away.

由於空氣溫度⽐體温⾼，所以⾝體不能依靠傳導、對流和輻射等⽅法去散
熱，流汗於是便成
為散熱的主要途徑。汗⽔的蒸發能把⾝體上的熱能帶⾛。
Explain the sweating rate during vigorous exercise.
解釋劇烈運動時的汗液產⽣率。
During vigorous exercise, the sweating rate is higher than that of at rest.
It is because our

body will produce a lot of heat during exercise. This increases the body
temperature. Thus our

body increase sweating rate to get rid of this extra heat.

進⾏劇烈運動時，產⽣汗液的速率⽐休息時產⽣汗液的⾼。這是因為運動
時⾝體產⽣⼤量熱
能，令體温上升，於是⾝體便要加快產⽣汗液來降温。
Explain the rate of urine production during vigorous exercise.
解釋劇烈運動時的尿液產⽣率。
During vigorous exercise, our body will lose a lot of water through
sweating. The water

potential of the blood drops. The nephron will reabsorb a greater

proportion of water from the

glomerular filtrate; therefore decrease the rate of urine production.

進⾏劇烈運動時，⾝體因排汗⽽流失⼤量⽔分，⾎液的⽔潛能因⽽下降，
腎臟會從腎⼩球濾
液重吸收較⼤⽐例的⽔分，令尿液減少。
Explain why the face becomes red when doing vigorous exercise.
解釋劇烈運動時臉部為什麼會轉紅。

32: Regulation of body temperature 3

 During vigorous exercise, our body produces a lot of heat. The arterioles
of the skin expand so

that more blood together with heat will flow to the skin surface. Heat lose
to the surrounding

and thus our face turns red.

運動時，⼈體產⽣⼤量熱能，所以⽪膚的⼩動脈擴張，令較多的⾎液流往
⽪膚，熱能也隨之
⽽散失，故臉⾊變紅。
What is the importance of reddening of the face during vigorous exercise?
劇烈運動時臉部轉紅有什麼重要性 ?

The arterioles expand will promote heat lose from the body. It keeps the
body temperature

constant. Thus enzymes can function at the optimum temperature.

⽪膚的⼩動脈擴張促進⾝體散熱，令體温維持在恆定的⽔平，酶也可在最
佳温度下發揮
作⽤。
What kind of weather will have a high risk of heatstroke?
何種天氣最易使⼈中暑?
High air temperatue with high humidity and low wind speed.

⾼温加上⾼濕度及低⾵速。
Explain the effect of high air temperature and high humidity on man.
解釋⾼溫與⾼濕度對⼈的影響。
If the air temperature and the relative humidity is very high, the life of a
person will be endangered.

The evaporation of water from the sweat become very slow and heat
could not be lost from the

body. As a result, the body temperature increased leading to the

increase in the rate of metabolism.

The increased in metabolic rate caused the increase of the body

temperature further until it became

32: Regulation of body temperature 4

 so high that disturbed the normal functioning(denature the enzymes) of
the body and endangered

the life of the person.

當⾼溫與⾼濕時，⼈的⽣命會受到威脅，汗液的蒸發變得⾮常緩慢，熱能
不能從⾝體散
失，結果體溫上升引致代謝率上升，代謝率上升促使體溫進⼀步上升，直
⾄體溫⾼⾄破
壞⾝體的正常運作(體內的酶變性)，威脅⼈的⽣命。
Explain the role of hypothalamus in temperature regulation.
解釋下丘腦在温度調節的功能。
In the hypothalamus are two thermoregulatory centres, the heat loss
centre and the heat gain

centre.

下丘腦有兩個溫度調節中⼼，散熱中⼼和增熱中⼼。
The hypothalamus can detect the body temperature through two ways:

下丘腦可透過以下兩個⽅法探測熱能。
Increased in skin temperature due to high external temperature is
detected by skin thermoreceptors.

The information will be carried by nerve fibers to the thermoregulatory

centres.

外界溫度增加會令⽪膚溫度升⾼，這由⽪下的溫度感受器探知，訊息經由
神經傳送⾄温
度調節中⼼。
Increased in core temperature (blood temperature) due to exercise is
detected by thermoreceptors in

the hypothalamus.

因運動所引致的體內溫度(⾎液溫度)升⾼由下丘腦的溫度感受器探知。
After receiving the information, the hypothalamus will make the
corrective mechanism.

收到訊息後，下丘腦會發出修正指令。

32: Regulation of body temperature 5