'19.

Homeostasis

Q&A

What is the advantage of homeostasis?

體內平衡有什麼優點？
The body cells have a relatively constant environment and can function
properly irrespective of

the changes in the external environment. Thus the whole organism can
tolerate wider range of

habitats and seasonal changes.

因⾝體細胞處⾝⼀穩定的環境，便可不受外界的影響⽽正常運作，個體可
適應較廣闊的⽣境
和季節的轉變。
Which two hormones regulate blood glucose level?
那兩種激素控制⾎糖⽔平 ?

Insulin and glucagon.

胰島素與⾼⾎糖素。
State the action of insulin.
說出胰島素的作⽤。

'19. Homeostasis 1
 Stimulates the conversion of glucose to glycogen at the liver.

促使肝把⾎中的葡萄糖轉化為糖原。
Stimulates the absorption and oxidation of glucose by the body cells.
Decreases the

blood glucose concentration.

促使⾝體細胞吸收並氧化葡萄糖，減低⾎糖濃度。
State the action of glucagons.
說出⾼⾎糖素的作⽤。
The function of glucagons is opposite to those of insulin.

⾼⾎糖素的作⽤和胰島素相反
It decreases glucose oxidation.

它減低葡萄糖的氧化.
It stimulates glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen ) in the liver

它刺激糖原在肝臟分解為葡萄糖。
As a result, it elevates the blood glucose level.

結果⾼⾎糖素提升⾎糖濃度。
State the cause of diabetes.
說出引致患上糖尿病的因素。
The cause of diabetes is both genetic and environmental factors such as
obesity and lack of

exercise are involved.

糖尿病與遺傳及環境因素有關，例如過度肥胖及缺乏運動。
State the symptoms of diabetes.
說出糖尿病的病徵。
This include frequent urination, unusual thirst, changes in appetite,
weight loss, extreme fatigue

尿頻、消渴、⾷慾不振、消瘦、容易疲倦
How to test diabetes?
如何測試糖尿病？

'19. Homeostasis 2
 The presence of glucose can be tested by adding equal amount of
Benedict's solution in a boiling

tube and then heat it in water bath. The appearance of a red precipitate
indicates the presence of

glucose.

可⽤本⽴德試驗，加與尿液等份的本⽴德試劑⼊試管然後⽤⽔浴法加熱⾄
沸騰，若有紅⾊沉
澱物則顯⽰有葡萄糖存在。
Explain the rise of blood glucose level after a meal.
解釋餐後⾎糖濃度上升的原因。
It is because the carbohydrates in the meal was digested to glucose,
which was then absorbed

into the blood of the intestine.

因為飯中的澱粉被消化成葡萄糖，再被吸收⼊⼩腸的⾎液中。
Explain why does the blood glucose level drop some times after the rise of
blood glucose
level.

解釋⾎糖濃度上升後不久即下降的原因。
For a normal man, the rise of blood glucose level stimulates the
secretion of more insulin from

the islets of Langerhans. More glucose is converted to glycogen at the

liver. The blood glucose

level thus drops.

在正常⼈，⾎糖濃度的上升會刺激胰島分泌更多的胰島素，更多的葡萄糖
會在肝臟轉化為糖
原，⾎糖濃度會因⽽下降
Explain why does the diabetic patient have a prolonged high level of blood
glucose level
when compare with the normal person.

解釋糖尿病⼈⾎糖濃度持續⾼企的原因。

'19. Homeostasis 3
 In the diabetic patient, there is insufficient insulin. The excess glucose in
blood cannot be

converted to glycogen at the liver. Therefore the glucose level is higher

than a normal man.

在糖尿病⼈，因胰島素不⾜，⾎內過多的葡萄糖不能在肝臟內轉化為糖
原，⾎糖濃度⻑期⾼
於正常⼈。
Explain why does the blood glucose level of the diabetic patient drop after
reaching a very
high level of it.

解釋糖尿病⼈的⾎糖濃度到達⼀⾼⽔平後會下降的原因。
The glucose concentration is so hight that exceeds the reabsorption
ability of the kidney and

thus kidney excrete glucose in urine.

⾎糖濃度持續⾼企，⾼過腎臟的再吸收能⼒，腎臟排泄葡萄糖，葡萄糖濃
度便下降。
The control of insulin secretion is a negative feedback control, explain.
解釋為什麼胰島素的分泌稱為負反饋控制。
Insulin causes a drop of blood glucose level. A drop of blood glucose
level would inhibit the

secretion of insulin. Such mechanism illustrates the principle of negative

feedback control.

胰島素的產⽣由⾎糖⽔平控制，胰島素令⾎糖⽔平下降，下降了的⾎糖⽔
平會抑制胰島素的
分泌，此機制說明了負反饋控制。
Explain the importance of feedback mechanism.
解釋負反饋控制的重要性。
The importance of feedback mechanism is to maintain a constant
internal environment for the

functioning of the life processes.

'19. Homeostasis 4
 反饋機制的重要性在於維持⼀個穩定的內在環境，使各種⽣理作⽤得以正
常運作。

'19. Homeostasis 5