35: Hormonal control of the

reproductive cycle

Q&A

Name the sex hormones that are produced by the pituitary gland.
說出由腦下垂體所分泌的性激素。
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

促卵泡激素(FSH)及促⿈體激素(LH)。
Name the sex hormones that are produced by the ovaries.
說出由卵巢所分泌的性激素。
Oestrogen and progesterone

雌激素和孕酮
Give the functions of FSH.
說出促卵泡激素的功能。
FSH stimulates the development of immature follicles in the ovary.

促卵泡激素刺激卵巢內的卵泡發育。
It promotes the secretion of oestrogen form the developing follicles.

它刺激發育中的卵泡分泌雌激素。
Give the functions of oestrogen.
說出雌激素的功能。

35: Hormonal control of the reproductive cycle 1

 It causes repair of the uterus lining following menstruation.

引起⽉經後⼦宮內膜修補。
It stimulates the pituitary to produce luteinizing hormone (LH). (and also
FSH*)

刺激垂體⽣成促⿈體激素(及促卵泡激素)。
Give the functions of luteinizing hormone.
說出促⿈體激素的功能。
It causes ovulation.

促使排卵發⽣。
It stimulates the ovary to produce progesterone from the corpus luteum.

刺激卵巢的⿈體⽣成孕酮。
Give the functions of progesterone.
說出孕酮的功能。
Progesterone, produced by corpus luteum (yellow body), causes the
uterus lining to be maintained

in readiness for the embryo.

由⿈體所分泌，使⼦宮內膜維持厚度，準備胚泡的植⼊。
High levels of progesterone and oestrogen together inhibit the secretion
of FSH and LH from the pituitary.

⾼⽔平的雌激素和孕酮⼀起運作，抑制垂體分泌促卵泡激素和促⿈體激
素。
State the sequence of the production of the sex hormones.
說出性激素⽣成的次序。
The hormones are produced in the following sequence : FSH,
oestrogen, LH, progesterone.

激素按下列次序⽣成﹕FSH、雌激素、LH、孕酮。
Progesterone (together with oestrogen) at the end of the sequence
inhibits the production of FSH.

排在末尾的孕酮(和雌激素⼀起)抑制FSH⽣成。

35: Hormonal control of the reproductive cycle 2

 In turn, the production of the other hormones stops, including
progesterone itself.

繼⽽令其他激素也停⽌⽣成，其中包括孕酮本⾝。
The absence of progesterone now means that the inhibition of FSH
ceases and so FSH production starts again.

沒有了孕酮意味著抑制FSH的⽣成也停⽌，促卵泡激素(FSH)的⽣成便重
新開始。
In turn, all the other hormones are produced. This produces a cycle of
event – the menstrual cycle.

⽽所有其他激素也可以由此⽣成，這些激素的交替啟動和關閉產⽣了⼀個
週期—⽉經週期。
Which hormone inhibits the production of FSH?
那種激素抑制 FSH 的⽣成？
Progesterone (together with oestrogen)

孕酮 (和雌激素⼀起)。
Explain the action of contraceptive pill.
解釋避孕丸的避孕原理。
It contains both synthetic oestrogen and progesterone and when taken
daily it maintains high levels

of these hormones in the blood. This inhibits the production of the

gonadotrophic hormones from

the pituitary, and the absence of FSH and LH prevents follicle

development and ovulation.

避孕丸含有合成的雌激素和孕酮，如果每天服⽤，可令這些激素在⾎液中
保持⾼⽔平，這能
抑制垂體產⽣促性腺素，缺乏促卵泡激素及促⿈體激素可防⽌卵泡發育及
排卵。
What is the importance of hormonal control of the menstrual cycle?
⽉經週期的激素控制有什麼重要性 ?

Ensure one ovum is discharged at a time.

確保每次只排出⼀個卵⼦。

35: Hormonal control of the reproductive cycle 3

 The other follicle will undergo development only if the ovulated ovum is
not fertilized. This

would result in better survival of the foetus, and avoid expenditure or a

large amount of energy

in developing unnecessary ova.

其他卵泡只會在已排出的卵⼦沒有受精時⽅會發育，這令胎兒有更佳的⽣
存機會，及防⽌
⼤量不需要的卵⼦同時發育，虛耗⼤量營養。
Give time for the growth of ovum.

給時間卵⼦⽣⻑。
Ovum needs time to accumulate nutrients for growth and mature.

卵⼦需要時間積聚營養作⽣⻑及成熟。
Prepare for implantation.

為胚胎植⼊作好準備。
It gives time for the hormones to exert its effect so that the uterine lining
is thickened for the

implantation of embryo.

給予激素時間發揮其效應，令⼦宮內膜增厚，以便胚胎植⼊。
Prepare for the next possible pregnancy.

為下⼀次懷孕作好準備。
Let menstruation occurs and sex hormones secrete again to start the
next cycle and hence next

possible pregnancy.

讓⽉經發⽣及性激素的再分泌以產⽣另⼀次週期，為下⼀次懷孕作⽤準
備。
Explain the treatment of infertility by hormones.
解釋如何利⽤激素治療不育 ?

Treatment of failure of mature ova production by FSH: It stimulates

follicle development

⽤促卵泡激素治療不能產⽣成熟的卵⼦: 激素刺激卵泡發育

35: Hormonal control of the reproductive cycle 4

 Treatment of no ovulation by LH: It stimulates ovulation

⽤促⿈體激素治療不能排卵: 激素刺激排卵
Treatment of failure of implantation by synthetic oestrogen and
progesterone: It stimulates the

thickening of the uterine lining for the implantation of the embryo

⽤合成雌激素和孕酮治療著床難以發⽣: 激素刺激⼦宮內膜加厚，讓胚泡
植⼊

35: Hormonal control of the reproductive cycle 5