Rejen T.

Sumalbag
BSMID 1-1

1. What is the role of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis during

menstruation?
- The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis must be
considered as a unit that works together to enable for
procreation through cyclic gonadotropic and steroid hormone
production. This cycle is meticulously controlled in order to
choose a dominant follicle for ovulation while also prepping the
endometrium for implantation.

2. What are the hormones involved during menstruation and what are
their specific roles?
- FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) stimulates egg formation
and oestrogen production.
- Luteinising hormone (LH) stimulates the egg's release (called
ovulation). Stimulates the synthesis of oestrogen and
progesterone.
- Oestrogen stimulates uterine lining growth. FSH is inhibited,
whereas LH is stimulated, resulting in egg release. After
ovulation, inhibits LH.
- Progesterone keeps the uterine lining healthy. After ovulation,
inhibits LH.

3. Ovarian Cycle
- The luteal phase is the stage of the menstrual cycle after
ovulation when the corpus luteum secretes progesterone to
prepare the endometrium for embryo implantation.
 - The follicular phase of the estrous cycle is characterized by
follicular maturation within the ovary, which is regulated by the
hormone estradiol.

Endometrial Cycle
- Proliferative phase - The proliferative endometrium stage is
also called the follicular phase. The term “proliferative” means
that cells are multiplying and spreading. During this phase, your
estrogen levels rise. This causes your endometrium to thicken.
- Secretory Phase - the endometrium enters the luteal or
secretory phase, which means that the lining has undergone a
series of changes which will prepare it for a possible pregnancy.