Presentation Template

Presentation
IR Sensor Switch
Instructor
Zubair Mehmood
Presented by
Sumbal Butt 21013122-005
Esha Ikhlaq 21013122-004
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Gujrat, PAKISTAN

Table of Contents
■ Introduction
■ What is IR Sensor
■ Circuit Diagram
■ Working Principle
■ Types
■ Applications
■ References
Semester Presentation (Group No xx) RF & Microwave Engineering (EE-468) Instructor : Zubair 2
INTRODUCTION
Infrared sensors are a specific type of motion sensors that use infrared

radiations. This project and it’s circuit is the most basic and popular
module. In electronics, this sensor is similar to human’s visionary sense
which can be used to detect an obstacle, which is one of its most
common application. In robotics, a group of such modules are used so
that a robot can follow a line pattern. Basically sensor is a device that
convert physical quantity into electrical signal that can be read by
observer on an instrument. This circuit comprises the following
components:
 IR transmitter and receiver pair

 Resistors
 Variable resistors
 LED (Light Emitting Diode)
What is IR Sensor ?
An infrared (IR) sensor is an electronic device that measures and detects
infrared radiation in its surrounding environment. Infrared radiation was
accidentally discovered by an astronomer named William Herchel in
1800. While measuring the temperature of each color of light
(separated by a prism), he noticed that the temperature just beyond the
red light was highest. IR is invisible to the human eye, as its wavelength
is longer than that of visible light but infrared sensor can detect these
radiations. Anything that emits heat (everything that has a temperature
above around five degrees Kelvin) gives off infrared radiation.
Working Principle
SEMESTER PRESENTATION (GROUP NO – 02) INSTRUMENTTION AND MEASURMENT EE-244 INSTRUCTOR : ZUBAIR MEHMOOD 6
TYPES of ir sensor
There are two types of IR Sensor:
 Active IR sensor
 Passive IR sensor
ACTIVE IR SENSOR:
Active infrared sensors work with radar technology and they
both emit and receive infrared radiation. Active IR sensors have two
parts: a light emitting diode (LED) and a receiver. This radiation hits the
objects nearby and bounces back to the receiver of the device. Through
this technology, the sensor can not only detect movement in an
environment but also how far the object is from the device. This is
especially useful in robotics to detect proximity.
PASSIVE IR SENSOR:
Passive infrared (PIR) sensors only detect infrared radiation and do not

emit it from an LED. PIR sensors are most commonly used in motion-
based detection, such as in-home security systems. When a moving
object that generates infrared radiation enters the sensing range of the
detector. The sensor then sends an electronic signal to an
embedded computer, which in turn triggers an alarm. PIR motion
detectors can also be placed in thermometers to measure the
temperature of a distant moving object. Emergency teams use PIR
sensors for rescue purposes, for example, if a person has been lost on a
mountain or for medicinal purposes to detect the skin temperature.
They are placed in TV remotes and computer mouse to manage specific
functions, such as on and off or scrolling.
Applications
Radiation Thermometers
IR sensors uses in radiation thermometers to measure the
temperature depend upon the temperature and the material of the
object and these thermometers have some of the following features
Measurement without direct contact with the object
Faster response
Easy pattern measurements
Flame Monitors
These types of devices are used for detecting the light emitted from the
flames and to monitor how the flames are burning. The Light emitted
from flames extend from UV to IR region types. Two-color detector,
pyroelectric detector are some of the commonly employed detectors
used in flame monitors.
Gas Analyzers
IR sensors are used in gas analyzers that use the absorption

characteristics of gases in the IR region. Two types of methods are used
to measure the density of gas such as dispersive and non dispersive.
Burglar alarm
This is one of the widely and commonly used sensor applications. It is
another example of direct incidence method. The transmitter and
receiver are kept on both side of frame. Constant radiation is
maintained between transmitter and receiver, whenever an object
crosses the path alarm starts.
Other Application
 IR Imaging devices
 Optical Power Meters
 Sorting devices
 Missile guidance
 Remote sensing
 Moisture analyzer
 Night vision devices
 rail safety
Advantages
 Low Power requirement

 Simple Circuit
 Direction Beam
 High noise immunity
 There is no data leakage because of ray direction
 They do not need contact with object for detection
Disadvantages
 Line of sight requirement
 Blocked by common objects
 Short range
 Easily affected by physical environment
 These can be affected by fog, rain, dust
 Less data transmission rate
Thank you
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Presentation

Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Gujrat, PAKISTAN

Infrared sensors are a specific type of motion sensors that use infrared

 IR transmitter and receiver pair

Passive infrared (PIR) sensors only detect infrared radiation and do not

IR sensors are used in gas analyzers that use the absorption

 Low Power requirement

 Line of sight requirement

 Blocked by common objects

 Easily affected by physical environment

 These can be affected by fog, rain, dust

 Less data transmission rate

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