INFRARED

AND
VISIBLE
Group-3 Presentation
Science 10
10-Lawan
INFRARE
D
Group-3
 What is Infrared?

■ Infrared (IR) is a type of electromagnetic

radiation emitted by objects with heat. It is
used in various applications like night vision,
thermal imaging, and communication
systems.
Wavelength of the Infrared

■ The wavelength of infrared radiation

ranges from about 700 nanometers (nm)
to 1 millimeters (mm), with shorter
wavelengths closer to visible light and
longer wavelengths bordering on the
microwave region.
Frequency of the Infrared

■ The frequency of infrared radiation ranges

from approximately 300 GHz to 430 THz,
with lower frequencies corresponding to
longer wavelengths. In comparison, the
frequency of infrared radiation is lower than
that of visible light.
Energy of the Infrared

■ Infrared radiation has lower energy than

visible light and higher energy than radio
waves. It is generally non-ionizing and less
harmful to living organisms compared to
higher-energy forms of radiation.
■ Photon energy (eV) 1.7 eV – 1.24 meV.
 Applications and Uses of the Infrared
Infrared radiation has diverse applications:
■ 1. Thermal Imaging: (Detecting heat patterns in building inspections and
industrial monitoring.)
■ 2. Night Vision: (Enhancing visibility in low-light or dark conditions.)
■ 3. Remote Sensing: (Gathering data for weather, environment, and agriculture.)
■ 4. Communication: (Wireless data transmission and remote controls.)
■ 5. Medical Imaging: (Diagnostics and monitoring tissue health.)
■ 6. Industrial Processes: (Heating, drying, and quality control.)
■ 7. Astronomy: (Observing celestial objects emitting infrared radiation.)
■ 8. Security and Surveillance: (Intruder detection and monitoring in low-light.)
■ 9. Firefighting: (Locating hotspots and assessing fire spread.)
■ 10. Energy Efficiency: (Identifying heat loss and improving insulation.)
These applications span fields like technology, healthcare, industry, and more.
 What are the Effects of Infrared on
Humans and Other Living Organisms?
Infrared radiation can have various effects on humans and other living organisms:
■ 1. Thermal Effects: Prolonged or intense exposure can cause burns, tissue damage,
or heat-related illnesses.
■ 2. Eye Damage: Direct exposure to intense infrared radiation can harm the eyes,
necessitating protective eyewear.
■ 3. Skin Effects: Prolonged or intense exposure can lead to skin burns and redness.
■ 4. Dehydration: Infrared radiation can increase moisture evaporation, potentially
causing dehydration.
■ 5. Biological Effects: Some wavelengths may affect cellular processes, but further
research is needed.
Taking safety precautions, such as using protective gear and limiting exposure, helps
minimize risks associated with infrared radiation.
 The other disadvantages of Infrared
While infrared radiation has various applications and benefits, there are a few disadvantages to consider:
■ 1. Limited Range: Infrared radiation has a relatively short range compared to other forms of
electromagnetic radiation. It can be easily obstructed by objects or atmospheric conditions, limiting its
effectiveness over long distances.
■ 2. Interference: Infrared signals can be affected by interference from other sources, such as sunlight,
artificial lighting, or other infrared devices operating in the same vicinity. This interference can
degrade the quality and reliability of infrared communication or sensing systems.
■ 3. Line-of-Sight Requirement: Infrared communication typically requires a direct line of sight between
the transmitter and receiver. Obstacles like walls or objects can block or weaken the infrared signal,
making it less suitable for applications that require non-line-of-sight communication.
■ 4. Sensitivity to Environmental Factors: Infrared sensors and cameras can be sensitive to
environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and atmospheric conditions. These factors can
affect the accuracy and reliability of infrared measurements or imaging.
■ 5. Limited Penetration: Infrared radiation has limited ability to penetrate certain materials, such as
metals or opaque objects.