ALPHABET OF

LINES
 ALPHABET OF LINES

• LINES ARE CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF SKETCHING.

• LINES HAVE DIFFERENT TYPES, THICKNESS AND SHAPES
HAS ITS OWN MEANING.
• ALPHABET OF LINES ARE ALSO KNOW AS “LINE
SYMBOL”
1. OBJECT OR VISIBLE LINES

• Thick dark line use to show outline of object, visible edges

and surfaces.
2. CONSTRUCTION LINES

•  Very light and thin line use to construct layout work.

3. DIMENSION LINES
• Thin and dark lines use to show the size (span) of an object
with a numeric value. Usually terminates with arrowheads or
tick markings.
4. HIDDEN LINES
• Short dash lines use to show non visible surfaces. Usually
shows as medium thickness.
5. CENTER LINES
• Long and short dash lines. Usually indicates center of holes,
circles and arcs. Line is thin and dark.
6. EXTENSION LINES
• Thin and dark line use to show the starting and ending of
dimension.
7. CUTTING PLANE LINES
• Extra thick lines use to show cutaway views or plane of
projection where a section view is taken. Arrow indicates
the direction of view.
8. SHORT AND LONG BREAK LINES
• Short and long medium line use to show cutaway view of a
long section.
9. LEADER LINES
• Medium line with arrowhead to show notes or label for size
or special information about a feature.
10. PHANTOM LINES
• Medium line with arrowhead to show notes or label
for size or special information about a feature Long
line followed by two short dashes use to show
alternate position of a moving part.
11. SECTION LINES
• Medium lines drawn at 45 degrees use to show interior view
of solid areas of cutting plane line.
• Multi-view drawings
are conventional projections of a three dimensional object on
a two dimensional plane. Anything which is going to be produced
or constructed is based on the proposal given by multi-view
drawings. For example, buildings, machines, office equipment and
so on.

• Projection
Is the image of an object represented (drawn on a plane of
projection /picture plane) as it would appear to the observer
stationed at a point and viewing along the direction of line of
projection.
• Projectors / lines of projection
are imaginary lines that emerge from observer’s eyes and
moves to contour of an object. Station point is the location of
an observer.

• Plane of projection / picture plane

are an imaginary plane on which the image of an objected
is represent / drawn. The plane on which principal view of an
object is represented / drawn is called principal plane. The
planes are assumed to expand infinitely and transparent.
Six (6) Principal Views of an Object:
Although there are six principal views
that can be drawn in an object, only the
three regular views (Three planes of
projection) are normally required in the
preparation of a working plan.