IML 554

Computerized Information Management

Week 1

Week One And Two 1

 Introduction

• Reverso Dictionary define textual as "Textual means

relating to written texts, especially literary texts”
• The information of textual is since the beginning of
the man.
• As the growth of textual information continue in a
tremendous rate, there is a need to control it.
• The ‘bibliographic control” is a significant effort in
the development of textual information.
Week One And Two 2
 Introduction

• An automated library is one where a computer system is used

to manage one or several of the library's key functions such as
acquisitions, serials control, cataloging, circulation and the
public access catalog.
• Information technology developments have changed the
library over the last few decades, and speculate about further
changes to come. When exploring the history of library
automation, it is possible to return to past centuries when
visionaries well before the computer age created devices to
assist with their book lending systems.
Week One And Two 3
History and Development of Library
Automation

Week One And Two 4

 History Stages of Library
Automation Era
The Year-Forecasting:
• 1970 - Translating machines;
• 2000 - Artificial intelligence, Global library;
• 2020 - Logical languages;
• 2030 - Robots, Contacts with extraterrestrials;
• 2050 - Memory playback;
• 2060 - Mechanical educator;
• 2080 - Machine intelligence exceed man’s; and
• 2090 - World brain.
(Ref: “Cybernetics today: achievements, challenges, and prospects.” by V. D. Pekelis, 1984)
Week One And Two 5
 History Stages of Library
Automation
• 1950’s and early 1960’s Era (1)
1st Automation Age: Computerizing Lib Ops

• Late 1970’s and 1980’s

2nd Automation Age: Rise of Public Access

• Late 1980’s and early 1990’s

3rd Automation Age: Print Content Electronic

• Late 1990’s
Networked Info Revolution: Innovation & Transformation

(Ref: Article entitled “From

Week One And Two Automation to Transformation” by Clifford Lynch) 6
 History Development of Lib Automation
(Before 1980)
• 1950’s
- The Library of Congress (LC) used the unit record machines for the production of
catalogues for the first time in 1950. Use of punched cards, data processing
equipment (e.g., tabulators, collators, sorters, etc.) and early computers were
prevalent that period.

• 1960’s
- The use of general-purpose digital computers for the purpose of automating some
of the library functions (such as circulation control, acquisitions, serial control, and
cataloguing) and for the design and development of information retrieval systems.
- Feasibility studies on on-line interactive systems and some advanced micro-image
searching systems were on during the late 1960s.

• 1970’s
- Design of on-line systems and conversion of batch systems to the on-line mode
were developed.
Week One And Two 7
 History Development of Lib Auto
(After 1980)
• 1980’s
- The introduction of microprocessors and CD-ROMs for use in library
activities. Intensive use of on-line systems and use of mini/micro
computers, especially the microprocessors were common –
tremendously expanded into homes, schools, libraries and offices.
- On-line Public Access Catalogs (OPAC) began to be used extensively.
- Use of commercial systems for searching reference databases such as
OCLC, DIALOG, and RLIN - Libraries could then gain information
through a variety of options.
.
Week One And Two 8
 History Development of Lib Auto
(After 1980)
- During 1980s, the size of computers decreased, at the
same time, technology provided faster chips, additional
RAM and greater storage capacity.
- Libraries started to set-up and purchase their own
computer systems as well as connect with other
established library networks during 1980s.
- Several integrated library package started appearing in
the market place. E.g.: The LibSys in India was launched
towards the end of 1980s.
Week One And Two 9
• 1990’s
- Digital Library can handle multimedia data, which can
present information more effectively than print media and
can be accessed and understood easily.
- The use of networks for e-mail, ftp, telnet, Internet, and
connections to on-line commercial systems: connecting to
international library systems and information through the
Internet.
- also sponsored workshops and open sessions on protocols
(interlibrary loan, information retrieval (Z39.50), etc.)
- Available of Expert systems and Knowledge systems - both
software and hardware capabilities have improved.

Week One And Two 10

• 2001 - 2003
- Investigated wireless communication for efficient
management of tangible resources, research and progress in
digital preservation, end user navigation of the electronic
environment through portals applications and metadata
options.
- Open Archives Initiative (OAI) protocols for harvesting
bibliographic data was reviewed in 2001 in Boston and a joint
session with Preservation and Conservation highlighted the
preservation difficulties introduced by electronic resources.
- also supported new Discussion Groups on Metadata,
Unicode, and Digital Libraries.

Week One And Two 11

• 2004 and Onwards
- Targets for the future includes a continuation of the
investigation of standards and practices, examination of new
technologies, and provision of tutorials on new developments
in the electronic environment. The management of digital
resources will no doubt play a prominent role.
- Development of more advanced silicon computer chips,
enlarged storage space and faster, increased capacity
telecommunication lines, the ability to quickly process, store,
send and retrieve information is causing the current
information delivery services to flourish.
Week One And Two 12
 Next Tutorial

• Please read the article “From Automation to transformation: Forty

years of library and technology in higher education” by Clifford
Lynch and the article “Four decades of library automation:
recollections and reflections” by Hans W Groenewegen.
• Students are required to read and understand the articles.
Discussion will be held in the second half of next week lecture. All
is expected to take part. Marks will be given for the participation.
• Both of the articles are available on the Internet.

Week One And Two 13