THE OCCUPATIONAL

SAFETY AND HEALTH

(OSH)

GROUP 1
Adviento, Princess Anne
Albay, Dainelle Shamyre
Alicaya, Erica (leader)
Arciaga, Rafbert
Avanzado, Mary Joy
Bañaga, John Eliandrei
 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
(OSH)

• - is a cross disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, Health,

welfare of people engaged in work employment.
• -The goals of occupational safety and health programs include to foster a safe
and healthy work environment.
• -OSH may also protect co-workers, family, members, employers, customers
and many others who might be affected by the workplace environment.
WHY SAFETY IS SO IMPORTANCE
IN THE WORKPLACE?
• Workplace safety is very important for each and every employee in the
industry because all the workers desire to work in a safe and protected
atmosphere. Health and safety is the key factor for all the industries in
order to promote the wellness of both employees and employers. It is a
duty and moral responsibility of the company to look after the
employee’s protection.
 PRINCIPLES OF OSH

Social partners (that is,

All workers have rights.
Occupational safety and
health policies must be
established
A national system for
occupational safety and
health must be established.
A national programme on
employers and workers) and
occupational safety and
other stakeholders must be
health must be formulated
consulted

Occupational safety and Information is vital for the

Continuous improvement of Health promotion is a central Occupational health services
health programmes and development and
occupational safety and element of occupational covering all workers should
policies must aim at both implementation of effective
health must be promoted. health practice. be established.
prevention and protection programmes and policies.

Compensation, rehabilitation
and curative services must be
made available to workers
who suffer occupational
injuries, accidents and
workrelated diseases
Education and training are
vital components of safe,
healthy working
environments
Workers, employers and
competent authorities have
Policies must be enforced.
certain responsibilities, duties
and obligations.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Safe
 The condition of being safe from undergoing and causing hurt, injury or
loss

Hazard
 A hazard introduces the potential for an unsafe condition, possibly leading
to an accident.

Risk
 The probability or likelihood of hazard resulting in an accident
Incident
Understand circumstances that produces the potential for an accident
Accident
 An accident is unplanned event, which could result in to persons, or in damage to plant
and equipment or both

Accident cost
 Accident cost includes medical payment, compensation, overtime for replacement
workers, production delays, product or material damage, training of replacements,
accident investigation cost, building or complex damages, equipment damages and
business interruptions.

Clean Air Act

Republic Act No. 8749, otherwise known as the Philippine Clean Air Act, is a
comprehensive air quality management policy and program which aims to achieve
and maintain healthy air for all Filipinos. Lifted from: Department of Environment
and Natural Resources.
Hazardous materials
substances that could harm human health or the environment. Hazardous means dangerous, so these
materials must be handled the right way.

Hazardous processes
work processes that carry an inherent health and safety risk to the worker. For example, metal
grinding is a hazardous process due to it generating noise, fumes and air pollution.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

clothing and equipment that is worn or used in order to provide protection against hazardous
 substances or environments.

Toxic waste
unwanted chemicals that are the result of manufacturing or industry and that are poisonous to living
things.
The regulatory framework must protect all workers and cover all OSH-related risks to which workers may
be exposed, irrespective of their age, sex, the job they do, the industry in which they work, or any other
circumstances (e.g. employment status). However, OSH regulatory frameworks of many countries often
have one
or more of the following deficiencies:

• Disparate treatment of different worker groups: certain groups of workers (e.g. migrant workers, self-employed
workers) or workers in certain sectors (e.g. agriculture, domestic work, the informal economy) are wholly or partly
unprotected. This often adversely affects young workers (both women and men, with their specificities), who are
well represented in these categories.

• Discrimination by risk: certain risks are not considered, are considered only for certain industries and groups
(despite their presence in others) or are addressed superficially (despite the fact that other risks of equivalent
significance are addressed in detail). For example, psychosocial risks or risks associated with particular forms of
work such as domestic work are often overlooked. This adversely impacts young workers.

• Non-existent or ineffective enforcement: some countries may have adequate regulatory frameworks, but without
enforcement they may not operate properly. Domestic work
 N AT I O N A L S Y S T E M O N O S H

Improving OSH for Young Workers:

A Self-Training Package OSH laws and regulations should address the following issues:
• safety conditions that must exist in workplace facilities and services;
• physical, chemical and biological work environment;
• selection, installation and maintenance of work equipment;
• working procedures, especially those for performing potentially hazardous operations; and
• psycho-social and ergonomic risks. An effective way to build an OSH legal framework is to adopt unified
comprehensive regulations at the national level that serve as a platform for specific OSH regulations, setting down
employers’ general obligations and workers’ rights and obligations. This basic regulatory framework may also require
special consideration be given to workers in particular groups due to the nature of their circumstances, working
conditions or form of employment. In short, to improve OSH for young workers it is not enough that they be mentioned
as a group in the laws; it is essential that the law specifically covers the sectors in which they are found (e.g. agriculture,
domestic work and informal economy) and the forms of work which they often undertake (e.g. seasonal, temporary,
internships, apprenticeships). Temporary employment
 A NATIONAL OSH FRAMEWORK
ADDRESSING YOUNG WORKERS’
VULNERABILITIES

• To be effective, legislation should:

• • be clearly expressed and unambiguous, to make it understandable by all and minimize the potential
for differing interpretations;
• • be logically organized, coherent and consistent both internally and with other legal instruments;
• • include sufficient and suitable provisions for enforcement, both in terms of powers assigned to
inspectors and in terms of penalties that can be imposed;
• • make available any necessary information to aid in their application at enterprise level; and
• • be published and widely disseminated in the languages workers and employers speak.
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
AND SAFETY SITUATION IN
GLOBAL AND LOCAL
LEVELS
 W H AT I S O C C U PAT I O N A L H E A LT H A N D S A F E T Y ( O H S ) ?

• Occupational health and safety (OHS) is an area of public medicine that primarily focuses on the safety,
health, and welfare of employees at work.

• It is a statutory obligation for employees to provide a safe and sound working environment in many parts
of the world, and OHS requires that employers offer both treatment as well as focus on prevention of
health problems.
 W H Y I S O C C U PAT I O N A L H E A LT H A N D S A F E T Y ( O H S )
I M P O R TA N T ?

• However, that has change dramatically over the past few decades. The primary purpose of
occupational health and safety programs is to create a safe and a healthy work environment.

• When companies implement OHS standards, it allows workers to perform their roles in a safer and
more secure environment, free from any major hazards. Without proper OHS standards, the risk of
injury to employees would be considerably higher.
  
GLOBAL LEVEL

Each year, an estimated 2.78 million workers die from occupational accidents and work-
related diseases Additional 374 million workers suffer from non-fatal occupational accidents.

This means 7,500 people die from unsafe and unhealthy working conditions every single day.

Workplace-related deaths exceed the average annual deaths from road accidents (999,000),
war (502,000), violence (563,000) and HIV/AIDS (312,000).

 “Discipline dealing with the prevention of work-related injuries and diseases, as well as the
protection and promotion of the health of workers,” 

 
The ultimate goal of occupational safety and health is to enhance working conditions and
settings for employees so that their safety and health are preserved while they are
employed and so that compensation can be provided in the event of a work-related harm.

Dangerous and undesirable working circumstances frequently result from a blend of hidden
causes, for example, administration holes, inadequate regulative structures, deficient
information and assets, unreasonable strategic policies, and the absence of a culture of
counteraction at public and work environment levels. States and endeavors play their
separate parts to play to address OSH challenges.
 LOCAL LEVEL

• The Philippine Government estimates that 2.2 million Filipino workers in medium
and large enterprises enjoy effective occupational safety and health (OSH)
protection and services. In other words, 17 of 18 persons in the nation's workforce
of 38.8 million do not benefit from acceptable working conditions.

• The ILO Country Office for the Philippines (CO-Manla) supports programmes to
promote a culture of safety and health that bring OSH services to those that need
them the most. A range of government and non-government agencies are partners,
with beneficiaries that include agrarian reform farmers, informal workers and trade
unions and their members. The office works with constituents – governments,
workers and employers organizations to promote ratification of the Promotional
Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention.
 BACKGROUND

• OSH is regulated at international, regional and national levels.

• OSH is apply in all field of job that has a danger.

• OSH also add that the employer aware the capabilities of her workers in physical and mental health.

• The mortality and morbidity of occupational is not equal distributed across to the world in industries and workforce.

• About two-thirds (65 per cent) of global work-related mortality is estimated to occur in Asia, followed by Africa (11.8
per cent), Europe (11.7 per cent), Americas (10.9 per cent) and Oceania (0.6 per cent).

• Moreover, manufacturing, construction, transportation and storage that related to industries and experience the
highest level of work-related accidents. On the highly hazardous sectors — as elsewhere — work-related injuries
are not equally distributed among the workforce. Workers are most exposed to work-related injuries they’re in
precarious employment (temporary, casual or part-time workers), workers in informal employment, those working in
small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and work performed by groups subject to discrimination and
marginalization (such as migrant workers, young workers and racial and ethnic minorities).
• Work-related injuries vary in scale and have multiple causes, but relate primarily to
deficient national OSH systems, including the legislative framework and weak
regulatory oversight, and the absence of a culture of safety and health at the national
and workplace levels. When large-scale work disasters such as the Rana Plaza
accident in April 2013 occur, they often reveal the absence of universal employment
injury protection schemes, which leave victims and their dependants without any
financial, medical or rehabilitation support.
 HUMAN RIGHTS DUE DILIGENCE

• As part of the corporate responsibility to protect and respect human

rights outlined in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human
Rights (UNGPs), entitlement to safe and healthy workplaces for
workers should be reflected in the human rights due diligence
approaches businesses conduct.
 M A J O R O C C U PAT I O N A L H E A LT H A N D
SAFETY ISSUES

Today, there are many occupational health and safety issues that usually differ depending on industries. Here
are some of the most common issues that fall under the purview of occupational health:
Slip and falls
Employees who work at higher elevations are at a risk of falling and sustaining serious injuries. This is a
serious occupational hazard that can be mitigated with the provision of appropriate safety equipment.

Slip and fall incidents are perhaps the most common cause of non-fatal injuries. These are also easily
avoidable, often with the introduction of basic safety measures.

Illnesses Caused Due to Excessive Heat

There is always a significant risk of workers dying due to extreme heat. Many workers also become ill while
working in extremely hot and humid conditions. As you can expect, a majority of these occur in the
construction industry.
Injuries Caused Due to Repeated Stress

Repetitive motions or poor posture are both major causes for repetitive stress injuries. Throughout the
globe, millions of people suffer from injuries caused by sitting in a poor posture over their computers,
typing for hours without breaks, which results in issues like the carpal tunnel syndrome.

Injuries or Illnesses Caused Due to a Sedentary Lifestyle

Considering the fact that a large portion of the workforce now works primarily behind a desk, injuries or
illnesses caused due to a sedentary lifestyle have increased. Maintaining proper aerobic physical activity
is essential, and it’s important for employers to make sure that they stress the benefits of this.
UNSAFE AND UNHEALTHY ACTS AND
CONDITIONS IN THE WORKPLACE
 WHAT IS UNSAFE AND UNHEALTHY ACTS
AND CONDITIONS IN THE WORKPLACE?

• There can be various reasons

for accidents in workplaces.
Also, behind every accident
there can be a reason which
can be either due to unsafe act
by workers or unsafe
condition.
 EXAMPLES OF UNSAFE AND
UNHEALTHY ACTS AND CONDITIONS

In many cases, though, unsafe work practices lead to unsafe working conditions.
Some examples of unsafe working conditions include:

Uncovered hole or drain or pits.

Fragile roof or damaged ladders.
Blocking and obstructing path ways and gang way.
Contaminated floor- Oil/coolant leakage or spillage on floor.
• Metal chips scattered around the machine/on floor.
Rotating machine parts without safety guard or defective guard or inadequately
guarded.
Improper/Low lux level (illumination).
Improper ventilation at workplace-not enough air, contamination of air.
Unsafe unloading- lifting too heavy loads, overloading.
Loose wiring on machine or at workplace can lead to electric fire or electric shocks.
• Equipment defects- sharp edges, poorly design, not strong enough, worn out
cracked etc.
• Working on dangerous equipment.
• Using defective tools.
• Unsafe position- Lifting with back bent, walking or standing under suspended
load.
• SHORT CUT METHODS – Not following safety rules.

• LAZINESS – Not wearing PPEs/safety appliances.

• HASTINESS – Over feeding & speeding the machines/vehicle.

• ARROGANCE – Smoking in prohibited area, ignorance of safety risk/hazard.

• OVER CONFIDENCE – Performing unauthorized work/operation.

 HOW TO PREVENT UNSAFE AND
UNHEALTHY ACTS AND CONDITIONS

To protect workers from unsafe working conditions, employers must abide by workplace safety
standards. Employers must:

Provide a workplace free of health and safety hazards that can cause death or serious injury
Post a OSHA job safety notice in the workplace
Keep a record of injuries, deaths, and exposure to hazardous material
Provide safety training if necessary
• Safety standards set by OSHA include provisions for the storage of hazardous chemicals,
equipment maintenance, fire protection, eye protection, and protective clothing.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT’S
 WHAT IS PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENTS (PPE)?

Personal protective equipment, commonly referred to as “PPE”, is

equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious
workplace injuries and illnesses. These injuries and illnesses may result
from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical,
or other workplace hazards. Personal protective equipment may include
items such as gloves, safety glasses and shoes, earplugs or muffs, hard
hats, respirators, or coveralls, vests and full body suits.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
 W H AT C A N B E D O N E TO EN S U R E P RO P ER U S E O F
P E R S O N A L P R O T EC TI V E EQ U I P M E N T ?

• All personal protective equipment should be safely designed and

constructed, and should be maintained in a clean and reliable fashion.
• When it is necessary
• What kind is necessary
• How to properly put it on, adjust, wear and take it off
• The limitations of the equipment
• Proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of the equipment
 5S is a systematized approach to organized work areas, keep rule and standards and maintain the
discipline needed to do a good job.

1S (SORT)
• Is an action to identify and eliminate all unnecessary items from the workplace

2S (SYSTEMATIZED) SET IN ORDER

• Is an action to put every necessary items in good order

3S (SWEEP/SHINE)
• Is an action to clean your workplace thoroughly

4S (SANITIZE/STANDARDIZE)
• Is a condition where high standard of good housekeeping is maintained so that there
is no dust and rust anywhere

5S (SELF DISCIPLINE/SUSTAIN)
• • Is a condition where all members practice the 4S's spontaneously and willingly as a way of life, a culture.