INDIAN CONSTITUTION

Harshit.
Class– XI ,Garnet
Roll no.– 11
Introduction

 It is not compulsary to law in a written

manner
 In england, the law is in unwritten format
 Indian law is in written format
 In england , with the help of past events and
policies as reference they are making new
laws often ,so their law is in un written format
Indian constitution

 Indian constitution is divided in to 25 parts

(22parts +3new parts by amendment)
 Every parts is divided in to articles
 Every articles inside rules ,regulation ,duties
are given.
Article 1-4

 Article 1:india the name should be used as

combination of states and union
territories .should not say one state or union as
india
 Article 2:parliament has the authority to
Estabilish a new state inside india .
 Article 3:parliament has the authority to contract
or expand the state or union boundaries .(as on
2.6.14 ,there is a 29 states + 7 union territories )
 Article 4:new estabilishment of state bill
introduction be done in lok or rajya sabha
after president approval.
 Before giving approval to the parliament ,that
bill should be sent to the respective state
government for their opinion
 This opinon should not control the president
Article 5-9

 Article 5:when a person born in india betn

26.1.1950 -1986 means “birth as reference
he /she is a citizen of india .after 1986 some
correction in law says that children parents
any one should born in india .then only as
birth he is a citizen of india.
Article 6(citizenship by
birth)
 If a person born outside india betn 26.1.1950
– 1992 ,thenaccording if his /her father
belongs to indian citizen ,then he /she can
apply for a indian citizen and get through.
Article 7

 The people belong to the category can get

citizen by registration
 1.after of separation of india they are living out
side india they can apply and get citizen ship by
registration
 2.marry indian citizen and get citizen ship by
registration
Article 8(citizenship
cancel)
 If a person has dual citizen ship ,if he/she
declare that I can quit indian citizen ship by
application then he /she can end the citizen of
india
 If a indian citizen settles outside india for a
long time automatically his /her citizen ship will
go out.
 If a person is doing crime business ie.,) against
law then his /her citizen ship will cancelled.
Article 9

 Parliament only can regulate the citizenship

by bringing law
 Below shown 4 years parlinment bringing the
changes in citizen ship laws
 1.1986
 2.1992
 3.2003
 4.2005
Article 10-17

Article 10:
if any govt. brings law against fundamental
rights of citizen then automatically that law is
converted in to null and void. With the
announcement of supreme court.
Article 11

 Govt .should not separate the citizen by

religion ,caste ,sex , birth place .
 Any citizen should not bar the other citizen
by religion ,caste ,sex,birth place ,when
he/she enter a public place ex ., hotels
Article -12

 Same opportunity should be given to all

citizens of india while announcing a govt .job.
For public service .should not separate by
religion ,caste , sex ,birth place .
 If the govt. job related to particular
religion ,then that job should be given to that
religion members only
Article -13

 if the person is unqualified for a position/job

by untouchability then he /she is under crime
and also punished
 Govt .brings two laws for abolishing
untouchability.
 1955 ,untouchability law
 1976,by amendment ,name changed to rights
protection law
Article -14

14(1)(a): citizen has rights to comment

14(2)(b):with out weapon people can gather
anywhere
14(3)(c):permission to start a association
14(4)(d):all have the rights to go anywher in india
without permission
14(5)(e):all have the rights to live anywher in india
14(6)(f):all have the rights to do business ,job any
wher in india
Article -15

 Childrens especially school childrens should

not be forced to hear spiritual words by
prayer
 If the religion getting subsidy from
government then the religion should not
spread their spiritual words in educational
sector .
PART V Of The Indian Constitution.

 Auditor general
(148-151)

Central Judicial dept.

Parliament
administration 124-147
79-123
52-78
Article (President)

 President should be a head of administration

of states ,head of army
 President can do his duty by straight or by
officials
 President has the rights to announce war and
peace in india
 Presidents power in the army is regulate by
parliament
Article (qualification of President)

 Should be a citizen of india

 completed 35 years of age
 Qualified to become a member of lok sabha
 Should not hold office in the state or central
government .(be a m.p ,mla ,v.p,governor is
not considered)
Major Features – ( C.O.I )

 Lengthiest Written Constitution.

 Drawn from Various Sources.
 Blend of Rigidity and Flexibility.
 Federal System with Unitary Bias.
 Parliamentary Form of Government.
 Synthesis of Parliamentary Sovereignty and
Judicial Supremacy.
 Rule Of Law.
 Integrated and Independent Judiciary.
 Constitution can be classified into written constitution
such as that of America or unwritten constitution such as
that UK.
 The constitution of India is a written constitution which
happens to be the lengthiest written constitution in the
world.
 It is comprehensive, elaborate and a detailed document
 The factors that have contributed to this phenomenon
are: geographical factors (vastness of country and
diversity), Historical factors (Influence of GoI, 1935),
Single constitution for both centre and state and
dominance of legal luminaries
 The Preamble consists of the ideals, objectives
and basic principles of the Constitution.
 The salient features of the Constitution have
developed directly and indirectly from these
objectives which flow from the Preamble
 It asserts India to be a Sovereign Socialist Secular
Democratic Republic and a welfare state
committed to secure justice, liberty and equality
for the people and for promoting fraternity,
dignity the individual, and unity and integrity of
the nation.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 OFFICIAL RECORDS RELATING TO THE

CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY

 Constituent Assembly Debates, Vol. VII 1948.

315 Constituent Assembly Debates, 12 vols.,
Delhi, Manager of Publications. Files Relating
to the Constituent Assembly of India, Ministry
of Law, Indian National Archives, Government
of India.
 ACTS, STATUTES AND REPORTS
 The East India Company's Chruters,
 Treaties and Grants.
 Chruter of 1726.
 Regulating Act of 1773.
 The Act of 1781.
 The Chruter of 1797.
 The Charter Act of 1813.
 The Charter Act 1833.
 The Act of 1853.
 The Government of India Act, 1919 Government of India
Act, 193 5.
 BOOKS
 Acharya, B.K., Tagore Law Lectures, 1912 & 1908.
 Austin, Granville, The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone
of a Nation, London, Oxford University Press, 1966.
Bakshi, P.M.
 The Constitution of India, 3rd Edition, Universal Law
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. Delhi, 1996 Reprint 1997.
 Banerjee, D.N. Our Fundamental Rights their nature
and extent as Judicially detemzined, World Press Pvt.
Ltd., 1960.
 Banerjee, D .N ., Some Aspects of the Indian
Constitution, Calcutta, World Press, ' 1962.
 Basu, D.D. Commentary on the Constitution of India,
Vol. A 6th Edition, S.C Sarkar and Sons (P) Ltd.,
Calcutta, 1973.
 Basu, D.D. Constitutional Law of India 7th Edition,
Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi,
1998.
 Basu, Durga Das, Commentary on the Constitution
of India, 8 vols., 5th revd. edn., Calcutta, S.C. Sarkar
and Sons Private Limited, 1965
 Black Shield, Tony and Williams, George, Australian
Constitutional Law and Theory, 4th Edn. 2006 at 9.
 JOURNALS REFERRED
 All India Reporter Annual.
 Survey of Indian Law
 Banaras Law Journal
 Bombay Law Reporter .
 Central India Law Quarterly
 Constituent Assembly Debates
 Current Legal Perspective
 Delhi Law Time
 India Today
 Indian Bar Review
THANK YOU…

THE END