PERI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNNICATION AND ENGINEERING

FINAL REVIEW

IOT BASED ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
SUBMITTED BY:-
411519106013- Kartheek Varma K
411519106007- Harish R
411519106302- Mathesh G
 
SUPERVISOR:
Mrs.K.Lakshmi Priya, M.E.,
Assistant Professor
 ABSTRACT
Nowadays, the Electric Vehicle (EV) is becoming popular as fuel prices become more
expensive. The use of electricity sources can improve the environment as there is less
pollution. In addition, EV produces great advantages in terms of energy saving and
environmental protection. But comes with a trade-off of safety of the battery and the
users. This problem affects the overall vehicle performance and rate of electrification of
automobiles. By using IoT monitoring, EV manufacturers can identify potential issues
with the battery and take preventive measures before they become serious safety
concerns. Users can also significantly note the battery’s condition and take necessary
precautions.
 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
Overcharging the battery can not only significantly reduce battery life, but can also
cause serious issues like fire and explosion. Therefore, an EV battery monitoring
system is required that can communicate the battery status to the user to avoid the
indicated problem. Observation can be done with the help of different sensors such as
voltage, current and temperature. These data can be fed to LCD for noticing frequent
changes and also can be fed to internet to send notifications to manufacturers and
user’s family. The EV manufacturers can use this to study the battery performance
and make further changes in their battery design in future. Hence, the main objective
is to build an effective battery management systems that are crucial for ensuring the
safe and efficient operation of electric vehicles
 LITERATURE SURVEY
Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and Battery Management System (BMS) for Grid-Scale
Applications
By Matthew T. Lawder, Bharat kumar

• This paper studies to monitor and control the EV and the monitoring of battery parameters in the PC
using smart phone .
• Proposes a metering and charging system composed of the identification equipment, the charging
software, the power meters, the on-board unit and the charging control unit.
• Managing batteries in real time is paramount for ensuring safety, cell life, and optimal performance.
The functionality required (e.g., SOC and SOH estimation) will determine the amount of physics
needed in this paper.
Innovations in Battery Management System of Electric Vehicle
Mr. Rajesh ,M. Holmuhe1, Vaibhav Bhaskar

● The main objective of this research paper is to provide a solution to the current problem that the
electric vehicles have that is of battery pack life and optimal performance out of it.
● Due to different fast charging methods and improper care of the battery pack due to avoidance of
electric parameters such as State of Health and State of Charge, the life of the battery pack is affected
badly which results in poor performance over the long period of time.
● The solution we are providing results in keeping a proper check at the electrical parameters which will
give proper feedback and solutions to the parameters that are constantly being monitored and checked
by the different sensors on the BMS.
●
IOT Based Battery Management System Harish N1 , Prashal V2 and Dr. D. Sivakumar 3
UG Scholar1 , UG Scholar 2 , Professor & HOD Lab Affairs3 Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

• So perfect maintenance of any battery is very much essential for it to function properly. Lead Acid
batteries which are more commonly used in the vehicular batteries, need to be efficiently monitored,
for it to perform better under all circumstances.
• When it comes to battery, the two most important parameters are the State Of Charging (SoC) and
State of Health (SoH) of the battery.
• The State of Charge of the battery is the measure of charge that the battery can hold or in other words
it indicates the level of charge that the battery currently holds. There are several methods of
measuring the SoC parameter of the battery
 IoT Based Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles Using LoRaWAN: A
Review * Dayal Chandra Sati1 , Satvir Singh2 1 I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical
University, Kapurthala Punjab, India Email: 1*dayalsati@gmail.com, 2
drsatvir.in@gmail.com

• Battery Monitoring means keeping a check on the key operational parameters during charging and
discharging such as voltage, current, battery internal resistance and ambient temperature
• Presently, the adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) related technologies in wireless battery
management systems rapidly emerging. Battery management is critical for enhancing the safety,
reliability and performance of the battery systems
• With the help of the Internet of Things, all battery relevant data can be measured and transmitted to
the cloud seamlessly for gathering the real time information about the battery.
IoT-Based Battery Monitoring System for Electric Vehicle Bharathi S.H1 , Y.V
Nithin Reddy2 , Dinesh3 , Ram Gopal4 1,2,3,4Dept. of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, RevaUniversity, (India)

• This is a critical concern for battery create. In this work, noticing the show of the vehicle
using IoT methodologies is proposed, so the checking ought to be conceivable clearly
• The proposed IoT-based battery checking system is contains of ESP 32 lcd and voltage
sensor. These days, electric vehicle (EV) is getting well known since the fuel costs getting
more costly. As a result of these circumstances, various vehicle producers looking for
alternatives of fuel sources other than gas
• It is more modest to be contrasted and lead corrosive. Truth be told, it has a consistent force,
and energy's life cycle is 6 to multiple times more prominent contrasted and lead corrosive
battery
 EXISTING SYSTEM

IOT-based battery monitoring system for EV to ensure the battery performance degradation can be monitored
online. BMS can control the parameters such as battery charge limit and disconnect the supply when fully
charged in order to increase the life of the battery pack . BMS monitor lifespan of battery based on charge
balancing , state of Health (SOH) and state of charge (SOC). The BMS must ensure many complex features
such as charge control, battery-capacity monitoring, remaining run-time information and charge-cycle
counting, keeping a check on the different electrical parameters of the battery and provide adequate solutions
according to the data processed by the logic board. This also helps in maintaining the optimum battery
performance of the EV. The main role of the diagnosis is to estimate the failure parameters in order to identify
the End-of-Life (EOL) of the system once the faulty mode is detected . The definition of the battery’s End-Of-
Life the prognosis models allow the prediction of EOL based on the estimation of failure parameters and the
diagnosis of the system’s SOH.
 PROPOSED SYSTEM
The IoT-based battery checking framework is comprises of three significant parts observing device, UI,
noticing device. Considering preliminary outcomes Dependent on test results, the framework is competent to
distinguish debased battery execution and sends warning messages to the client for additional activity. The
framework is able to see corrupted battery execution and sends notice messages to the client for additional
development. An arrangement with IoT will unquestionably make more useful the display of EV charging and
looks the impacts.

IoT will propel the city masterminding and makes the city life straightforward. Web of Things (IoT) implies the
association based interconnection of every day use substances. It is named as a self setting everything straight
distant linkage of devices zeroed in on the interconnection of everyday things. It gets together with the distant
association through the interface by the electronic identifiers, sensors, two dimensional codes on things. The
IoT development achieves the correspondence among man and machine or machine to machine.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
• Arduino
• Node MCU
• Voltage Sensor
• Current Sensor
• Temperature Sensor
• DC Motor
• Lithium Ion Battery

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
• Arduino IDE Software
HARDWARE COMPONENTS EXPLANATION

Arduino
• Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P (datasheet). It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic
resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset
button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer
with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.. You can tinker with
your Uno without worrying too much about doing something wrong, worst case scenario you can
replace the chip for a few dollars and start over again.

• "Uno" means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. The
Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of Arduino, now
evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the
reference model for the Arduino platform; for an extensive list of current, past or outdated boards see
the Arduino index of boards.
 Node MCU
• Node MCU is an open source firmware for which open
source prototyping board designs are available. The name "Node MCU"
combines "node" and "MCU" (micro-controller unit). The term "Node MCU"
strictly speaking refers to the firmware rather than the associated development
kits.
• NodeMCU is a low-cost open source IoT platform. It initially
included firmware which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif
Systems, and hardware which was based on the ESP-12 module. Later, support
for the ESP32 32-bit MCU was added.
 Node MCU
• 32-bit RISC CPU: Tensilica Xtensa LX106 running at 80 MHz
• 64 KiB of instruction RAM, 96 KiB of data RAM
• External QSPI flash - 512 KiB to 4 MiB
• IEEE 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi
• WEP or WPA/WPA2 authentication, or open networks
• 16 GPIO pins
• SPI, I²C,
• I²S interfaces with DMA (sharing pins with GPIO)
• UART on dedicated pins, plus a transmit-only UART can be enabled on GPIO2
• 1x10-bit ADC
• 3xPWM
Node MCU
Voltage sensor
Voltage Sensor is a precise low-cost sensor for measuring voltage. It is based on the principle of
resistive voltage divider design. It can make the red terminal connector input voltage to 5 times
smaller.
Pin Name Description
VCC            
Positive terminal of the External
voltage source (0-25V)

GND Negative terminal of the External

voltage source
S Analog pin connected to Analog pin
of Arduino
+ Not Connected
- Ground Pin connected to GND of
Arduino
Voltage sensor

• Input Voltage: 0 to 25V

• Voltage Detection Range:  0.02445 to 25
• Analog Voltage Resolution: 0.00489V
• Needs no external components
• Easy to use with Microcontrollers
• Small, cheap and easily available
• Dimensions: 4 × 3 × 2 cm
Current sensor
Current sensor

• The ACS712 Current Sensors offered on the internet are designed to be easily
used with micro controllers like the Arduino. These sensors are based on the
Allegro ACS712ELC chip. These current sensors are offered with full scale
values of 5A, 20A and 30A.
• As mentioned before, these modules are primarily designed for use with micro-
controllers like the Arduino. In those applications.
Temperature Sensor

• LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to the temperature

(in oC). The sensor circuitry is sealed and therefore it is not subjected to oxidation and other
processes. With LM35, temperature can be measured more accurately than with a
thermistor. It also possess low self heating and does not cause more than 0.1  oC temperature
rise in still air.   
• The operating temperature range is from -55°C to 150°C. The output voltage varies by
10mV in response to every oC rise/fall in ambient temperature, i.e., its scale factor is
0.01V/c

• Calibrated directly in Celsius (Centigrade)

• Linear + 10-mV/°C scale factor
• 0.5°C ensured accuracy (at 25°C)
• Rated for full −55°C to 150°C range
• Suitable for remote applications
LITHIUM-ION BATTERY:

• A lithium-ion battery  is a type of rechargeable battery  in which lithium ions move from the
negative electrode through an electrolyte to the positive electrode during discharge and back when charging.
• Li-ion batteries use an intercalated lithium compound as the material at the positive electrode and
typically graphite at the negative electrode.
• Li-ion batteries have a high energy density and low self-discharge .They contain flammable electrolytes and
if damaged or incorrectly charged can lead to explosions and fires.
WORKING

• The Voltage, Current and Temperature parameter is sensed using

voltage, current and temperature sensor.
• The output from the voltage, current, temperature is fed to Arduino
uno.
• If the parameter are greater than the threshold value, notification is
also sent to owner & their parent’s mobile phones.
• The measured parameters are sent via WIFI module connected with
Arduino uno to display in monitor.
• The input values displayed on LCD and the working images are
attached here
WORKING IMAGES:
BLOCK DIAGRAM
WORKING WITH ARDUINO IDE SOFTWARE
Select the required Arduino board from Tools as shown below
Write the sketch in Arduino IDE
Compile and upload the Sketch to Arduino board
 CONCLUSION
IoT-based battery management system is a highly efficient and convenient solution for monitoring and
managing the battery life of various electronic devices. It provides real-time data on battery health, usage
patterns, and performance, which allows users to optimize their device usage and prevent battery-related
issues. The smart features of the system also help to reduce energy consumption and minimize the
environmental impact of battery usage. Overall, an IoT-based battery management system offers
significant advantages and is a valuable addition to any smart home or workplace.
 REFERENCES

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International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2016, pp. 1-6,
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•
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THANK YOU..!!