DC POWER SUPPLY

COMPONENTS NEEDED

• AC Plug
• 24V Transformer
• Full Wave Bridge Rectifier
• LM317 Voltage Regulator
• Heat Sink
• 2200μF electrolytic capacitor
• 100μF electrolytic capacitor
• 240Ω Resistor
• 3.6KΩ Potentiometer
 DESIGN PROCESS
• Determine the Output Requirements: The first step in designing a power supply is to determine the output voltage
and current requirements of the device it will power. For example, you might need a power supply that outputs 12
volts DC at 2 amps.
• Select a Transformer: Choose a transformer that can step the input voltage down to a level close to your desired
output voltage.
• Choose a Rectifier: Select a diode or set of diodes that can handle the output current of the transformer.
• Design the Filter: Choose a capacitor that can smooth out the ripple in the output of the rectifier. The size of the
capacitor will depend on the load and the allowable ripple voltage.
• Select a Voltage Regulator: Choose a regulator that can maintain the desired output voltage under all expected
load conditions.
• Assemble the Circuit: Once all the components have been selected, they can be assembled into a circuit. This
involves connecting the transformer to the rectifier, the rectifier to the filter, and the filter to the regulator.
• Test the Power Supply: After the circuit is assembled, it should be tested to ensure it is working properly. This
involves checking that the output voltage is correct and stable and that the power supply can deliver the required
current.
• Safety Considerations: Ensure that all safety regulations are met. This includes proper insulation, grounding, and
protection against overvoltage and short circuits.
DC POWER SUPPLY SCHEMATIC
DIAGRAM
 AC PLUG

The first part of the circuit is the AC plug.

It connects to the AC mains voltage from a
wall outlet to provide power for the rest of the
circuit​
 TRANSFORMER

• The transformer's job is to step down the AC

voltage from the main line to a lower voltage.
• This is because our DC power supply will supply a
variable DC voltage of 1-20V.
• Therefore, we lower the very high voltage that we
get from the main outlet from the wall into a
smaller voltage.
• It must still exceed the voltage of the DC which we
want to output​.
 FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER

• The full-wave rectifier takes the AC

voltage from the transformer and
rectifies it so that the voltage no
longer goes through a negative
cycle.
• With the rectifier, all of the voltage
is rectified positive
 CAPACITORS
1. C1 (Smoothing Capacitor): The smoothing
capacitor acts to smooth out fluctuations in a signal,
so that there is less fluctuation.
• The rectifier creates pulsating DC signals.
• The smoothing capacitor, a 2200μF capacitor in this
example, acts to even out these pulsating
fluctuations to create a smoother waveform.

2. C2 Capacitor: The C2 capacitor acts as a load

balancer. It helps to smooth out any fluctuations that
may exist in the output of the regulator​
 LM317 VOLTAGE REGULATOR

• The LM317 Voltage Regulator serves to further smooth out

the fluctuating signal so that it's a perfectly smoothing DC
signal. It also produces variable DC voltage as output.
• The voltage output can be varied by changing the resistor
R1 and the potentiometer R2
• The LM317 Voltage Regulator has 3 pins.
• Looking from the front of the voltage regulator, the
first pin (on the left) is the Adjustable Pin, the middle
is Vout, and the last pin(on the right) is V IN
 RESISTOR
• R1 Resistor and R2 Potentiometer: These
two components decide what voltage will be
output by the regulator.
• The voltage output can be varied by adjusting
the potentiometer​
 HEAT SINK

• A heat sink is attached to the voltage

regulator to dissipate heat.
• This is crucial when there is a large
difference between the input and output
voltages of the regulator, which can create
a lot of heat.
 THE OUTPUT

• The output of this DC power supply is a regulated, adjustable direct

current (DC) voltage. The voltage level can be adjusted by
manipulating the potentiometer R2 in conjunction with the resistor
R1. According to the design, the output voltage can range from just
over 1V to about 20V, depending on the settings of the potentiometer
and resistor​.
• This regulated DC voltage can then be used to power various
electronic devices that require a stable and specific DC voltage for
their operation. The ability to adjust the voltage output allows this
power supply to be used with a variety of devices that may have
different voltage requirements.