CAPABILITY BUILDING ON THE K TO 12

CURRICULUM

MATHEMATICS GRADE 10
WALKTHROUGH OF QUARTER 2

Prof. Marie Paz P. Padaong

MMSU-CTE
Module 4

CIRCLES
In this learning session, the participants will be able to:

1. Gain clearer understanding on the contents and

processes in teaching Grade 10 Mathematics Quarter 2
(Geometry);

2. Discuss difficulties / concerns related to the teaching of

Grade 10 Mathematics Quarter 2 (Geometry);

3. Identify ways of addressing the difficulties / concerns in

teaching Grade 10 Mathematics Quarter 2 (Geometry).
 J

L
N
A

E
Review of Terms

Radius Minor arc

Diameter Major arc
Chord Central angle
Semicircle Inscribed angle
The radius of a circle with a center C is 10 cm. If
mAB = 60, what is the area of the sector ACB?

60

C B
10 cm
The shaded region in the figure below is a segment of a circle with a center T. It
is the region bounded by PQ and PQ. Find the area of the shaded segment.

P
Q

T
 Theorem on Central Angles, Arcs, and Chords

 In a circle or in B
congruent circles, two
minor arcs are congruent 50º
if and only if their G
I
corresponding central
angles are congruent. T O

50º 50º
S N
E
 Theorem on Central Angles, Arcs, and Chords

 In a circle or in A
H
congruent circles, two
minor arcs are congruent
if and only if their
T
corresponding chords are
congruent. B
C

N
O

E
 Theorem on Central Angles, Arcs, and Chords

 In a circle or in G
congruent circles, a
diameter bisects a chord I S
and an arc with the same E U
endpoints if and only if it
is perpendicular to the N
chord.
 In the figure, JI and ON are diameters of a circle with a
center S. Use the figure and the given info to answer the ff.:
 1. Which central angles are congruent? Why?
J
 2. If m JSN = 113, find: O
 m NSO
 m NSI
 m JSO S
 3. Is OJ IN? How about JN and OI?
N
 4. Which minor arcs are congruent? Explain your answer.
I
 5. Which arcs are semicircles? Why?
 6. If m JSO = 67, find:
mJO mJN mNI
mIO mNJO mNIO
 In M below, BD = 3, KM=6, and KP=2√7. Use the figure and the given
information to find each measure. Explain how you arrived at your answer.

1. AM 5. DS
C
2. KL 6. MP
M 6
3. MD 7. AK K
L

4. CD 8. AP 3
2√7
D
B
P

S
Find the area of the shaded region of each circle.

X B
135°
100°

Z Y M
8 cm W 5 cm

J S

S E X P

6cm 4 cm
Y O R A
Exercise!
 Mr. Lopez would like to place a fountain in his
circular garden. He wants the pipe where the water
will pass through to be located at the center of the
garden. Mr. Lopez does not know where it is.
Suppose you were asked by Mr. Lopez to find the
center of the garden, how would you do it?
 Theorems on Inscribed Angles
 If an angle is inscribed
in a circle, then the
measure of the angle A
equals one-half the
measure of its
intercepted arc (or the C
measure of the
intercepted arc is T
twice the measure of
the inscribed angle).
 Theorems on Inscribed Angles
 If two inscribed angles of a circle (or congruent
circles) intercept congruent arcs or the same arc,
then the angles are congruent.

O I L
P
S T
E
T
M P
I L
Figure 1 Figure 2
 Theorems on Inscribed Angles
 If an inscribed angle
of a circle intercepts a
semicircle, then the N S
angle is a right angle.
O
T

E
 Theorems on Inscribed Angles
 If a quadrilateral is
inscribed in a circle,
then its opposite R
angles are
supplementary. D
M

A E
 Theorems on Angles Formed by Tangents and
Secants

 If two secants
intersect in the P
exterior of a circle, N
then the measure of X
the angle formed is M
one-half the positive
difference of the
measures of the Y
intercepted arcs.
 Theorems on Angles Formed by Tangents and
Secants

 If a secant and a
tangent intersect in the
exterior of a circle, M
then the measure of L
the angle formed is G
one-half the positive
difference of the
measures of the
E
intercepted arcs. C
 Theorems on Angles Formed by Tangents and
Secants

 If two tangents
intersect in the
exterior of a circle, J
then the measure of
the angle formed is K
one-half the positive
difference of the
measures of the H
intercepted arcs.
Q
 Theorems on Angles Formed by Tangents and
Secants

 If two secants
intersect in the interior
W
of a circle, then the
measure of the angle R
formed is one-half the 1
sum of the measures 2
of the arcs intercepted
by the angle and its X S
vertical angle.
 Theorems on Angles Formed by Tangents and
Secants

 If a secant and a
tangent intersect at the
Q
point of tangency, then
the measure of each
angle formed is one-
half the measure of its
R
intercepted arc. T
S

W
The map below shows that the waters within ARC, a
250 arc, is dangerous for shipping vessels. In the
diagram, two lighthouses are located at points A & C
and points P, R, and S are the locations of the ship at
a certain time, respectively.
 a. what are the possible measures of P, R and S?

 b. if you were the captain of a ship, how would

you make sure that your ship is in safe water?

Given:
AC is a secant that passes through T at A & B.
EC is a secant that passes through T at E & D.
AC and EC intersect at the exterior point C.

Prove: m ACE= 12– mAE - mBD

Use the situation below to answer the questions that
follow.

 You are in a hot air

balloon and your eye
level is 60 meters
over the ocean.
Suppose your line of
sight is tangent to the
radius of the earth
like the illustration.
 1. how far away is the farthest point you can
see over the ocean if the radius of the earth is
approximately 6378 kilometers?

 2. What mathematics concept would you

apply to find the distance from where you are
to any point on the horizon?
Find the length of the unknown segment (x) in each
of the following figures.

 Answer the questions that follow:

 1. L 3.
S
3
6 4 A
F S X

x
O R
9 A 16
G
16
 2. S 4.
H x
I L 25
8
F
10
O
x
T
V
E
 Theorem on Two Intersecting Chords

 If a secant and a
tangent intersect at the
point of tangency, then S L
the measure of each
angle formed is one-
D A
half the measure of its
intercepted arc.
N
 External Secant Segment
 An external secant
segment is the part of
G
a secant segment that
is outside a circle.
A

S M
E
Theorems on Secant Segments, Tangent Segments and
External Secant Segments

 If two secant segments are

drawn to a circle from an
exterior point, then the
product of the lengths of I
one secant segment and its A R
external secant segment is
E
equal to the product of the
lengths of the other secant
segment and its external N
secant segment.
Theorems on Secant Segments, Tangent Segments and
External Secant Segments

 If a tangent segment and a

secant segment are drawn to
a circle from an exterior
C
point, then the square of the
length of the tangent O
segment and its external
N
secant segment is equal to
the product of the lengths of
the other secant segment and Y
its external secant segment.
 Exercise!
 Anton used strings to hang
two small light balls on
the ceiling as shown in the
figure on the right. The
broken line represents the
distance from the point of
tangency of the two light
balls to the ceiling
 Exercise!
 a.) Suppose the diameter of each light ball is 10
cm and the length of the string used to hang it is 40
cm. How far is the point of tangency of the two
light balls from the ceiling.
 b.) Suppose Anton hangs 40 pairs of light balls on
the ceiling of a hall in preparation for an event.
How long is the string he needs to hang these light
balls if each has a diameter of 12 cm and the point
of tangency of each pair is 30 cm from the ceiling?
MODULE 5

Plane Coordinate
Geometry
Plot the points A(2,1) and B(8,9) on the
coordinate plane below.

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-1
 2. Draw a horizontal line passing through A and a
vertical line containing B.
3. Mark and label the point of intersection of the two
lines as C. What are the coordinates of C? Explain
how you obtained your answer.
 What is the distance between A and C?
 What about the distance between B and C?

4. Connect A and B by a line segment.

 What kind of triangles is formed by A, B, and C?
explain your answers.
 How will you find the distance between A and B?
 What is AB equal to?
5. Replace the coordinates of A by (x ,y ) and B by (x ,y ).
 What would be the resulting coordinates of C?
 What expression represents the distance between A and
C?
 How about the expression that represents the distance
between B and C?
 What equation will you use to find the distance between
A and B?
 Explain your answer.
Name the missing coordinates in terms of the
given variables. Answer the question that
follows
1. COME is a parallelogram 2. RST is a right
y triangle with right RST.
V is the midpoint of RS
C(b, c) O(?,
?) y
x
R(0, 2b)

(?, ?)
E(0, 0) M(a, O) x

x
T(0, 0) S(2a, 0)
 Name the missing coordinates inn terms of the
given variables. Answer the questions that follow

1. COME is a parallelogram. 2. RST is a right triangle

y RTS. V is the midpoint
of RS. y
C (b,c) O (?.?)
R (0.2b)

V (?.?)
x
E (0,0) M (a,0)

x
T (0,0) S (2a,0)
3. MTC is an isosceles 4. WISE is an isosceles
triangle and V is the midpoint trapezoid.
of CT.
y
W (?,?) I(b,c)
M(?,b)

E (-a,0) S (a,o)
C(0,0) x
V (?,?) T(6a,0)
 5. ABCDEF is a regular 6. TOPS is a square.
hexagon.

y y

C(-a,d) D (?,?) O(o,d)

T(-a,b) P (?,?)
B(-b,c) E (?,?)

x x
A (?,?) F(a,0) S (?,?)
Questions:
a. How did you determine the missing coordinates in
each figure?
b. Which guided you in determining the missing
coordinates coordinates in each figure?
c. In which figure are the missing coordinates difficult
to determine? Why?
d. Compare your answers with those of your
classmates. Do you have the same answers? Explain.
 Write a coordinate proof to prove each of the
following:

1. The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.

Given: Trapezoid PQRS with PS QR
Prove: PR QS
P Q

S R
2. The median to the hypotenuse of a right angle is half
the hypotenuse.
Given: LGC is a right triangle with rt.
LCG and M is the midpoint of LG
1 L
Prove: MC = –2LG

C G
3. The segment joining the midpoints of the
consecutive sides of an isosceles trapezoid form a
rhombus.
Given: Isosceles trapezoid HOME
with HE OM P, Q, R and S are
the midpoints of the sides of the trapezoid.