Circuit Analysis Techniques

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Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Lecture 6
Thevenin Theorem
Lecture delivered by:

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 Topics
• Thevnin's Theorem
• Computing Thevenin Equivalent
• Networks to Illustrate Thevenin Theorem

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 Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to:

• State and implement Thevenin's theorem on any complicate

linear bilateral network

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 Thévenin’s Theorem
• A linear two-terminal circuit can be replaced with
an equivalent circuit of an ideal voltage source,
VTh, in series with a resistor, RTh.

– VTh is equal to the open-circuit voltage at the terminals.

– RTh is the equivalent or input resistance when the

independent sources in the linear circuit are turned
off. 5
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 Circuit Schematic:
Thévenin’s Theorem

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 Steps to Determine VTh and RTh
1. Identify the load, which may be a resistor or a part of the
circuit.
2. Replace the load with an open circuit .
3. Calculate VOC. This is VTh.
4. Turn off all independent voltage and currents sources in the
linear 2-terminal circuit.
5. Calculate the equivalent resistance of the circuit. This is RTh.
 Draw the equivalent network and compute current through the
load.

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 Networks (a)to Illustrate Thevenin Theorem
(b)
A A
R2 R2
V V

R3 R R3 V th
R1 R1

B B
(d)
(c) A
A
R2
V th
R th R
R3
R1 R th

B B
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 Thevnin's Theorem C
Example 1
E 1 =6V E 2 =4V
Calculate the current through R3 A B
Solution R 3 =10 
R 1 =2  R 2 =3 
With R3 disconnected as in figure below
D
64 2
I1    0 .4 A
R1  R 2 23 I1 C

p.d across CD is E1-I1R1 E 1 =6V E 2 =4V

A B
V
R 1 =2 
V  6  0 .4  2   5 .2V
R 2 =3 

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 Continued..
To determine the thevenin’s resistance C

we remove the e.m.f s

A B
23 r
r   1 .2  R 1 =2  R 2 =3 
23
D

Replace the network with V=5.2V I C

and r=1.2, then the at terminal
V=5.2V
CD, R3, thus the current
5 .2 R 3 =10 
I  0 .46 A r =1.2 
1 .2  10
D

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 Thevnin's Theorem
Example 2

What is the Thevenin voltage for the circuit? 8.76 V

What is the Thevenin resistance for the circuit? 7.30 kW
Output terminals
R1
VS 10 k
12 V R2 RL
27 k 68 k

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Engineering
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of Applied Sciences ©M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Thevenin’s Theorem
Problem :
Obtain the load current through RL using Thevenin’s theorem.

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 Example
• Find the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit of the circuit
shown in Fig., to the left of the terminals a-b. Then
find the current through RL = 6,16,and 36 .

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 Find Rth
RTh : 32 V voltage source  short
2 A current source  open
4  12
RTh  4 || 12  1   1  4
16

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 Find Vth
VTh :
(1) Mesh analysis
32  4 i1  12 ( i1  i 2 )  0 , i 2   2 A
 i1  0 .5 A
VTh  12 (i1  i2 )  12 ( 0 .5  2 .0 )  30 V
( 2 ) Alternativ ely, Nodal Analysis
(VTh  32) / 4  VTh / 12  2  0
VTh  30 V
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 Example
To get i L :
VTh 30
iL  
RTh  R L 4  R L
R L  6  I L  30 / 10  3A
R L  16  I L  30 / 20  1 .5 A
R L  36  I L  30 / 40  0 .75 A

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 Thevenin’s Theorem
Example :
Obtain the load current I using Thevenin’s theorem.

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 Summary
• Thevnin's Theorem states that “Any circuit with sources
and resistors can be replaced by an equivalent circuit
containing a single voltage source and a single resistor”.

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