Concepts of Boolean algebra

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Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Lecture 13
Laws and Rules of Boolean Algebra

Lecture delivered by:

Kiran Kumar B M

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Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Topics

• Laws & Rules of Boolean Algebra

• Commutative Laws
• Associative Laws
• Distributive Laws
• Theorems

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Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to:

• Acquire the knowledge of Laws & Rules of Boolean Algebra
• Acquire the knowledge of Commutative Laws
• Acquire the knowledge of Associative Laws
• Acquire the knowledge of Distributive Laws

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Faculty of Engineering & Technology ©M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Laws & Rules of Boolean Algebra
• The basic laws of Boolean algebra:
– The commutative laws
– The associative laws
– The distributive laws

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Faculty
©M. S. of
Ramaiah
Engineering
University
& Technology
of Applied Sciences ©M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Commutative Laws
• The commutative law of addition for two variables is written as:
A+B = B+A
A
B
A+B  B
A
B+A

• The commutative law of multiplication for two variables is written as:

AB = BA A B
B
AB  A
B+A

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Faculty
©M. S. of
Ramaiah
Engineering
University
& Technology
of Applied Sciences ©M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Associative Laws
• The associative law of addition for 3 variables is written as:
A+(B+C) = (A+B)+C


A A A+B
A+(B+C)
B B
(A+B)+C
C B+C C

• The associative law of multiplication for 3 variables is written as:

A(BC) = (AB)C
A
B
A(BC)  A
B
AB

(AB)C
C BC C

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Faculty
©M. S. of
Ramaiah
Engineering
University
& Technology
of Applied Sciences ©M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Distributive Laws
• The distributive law is written for 3 variables as follows:
A(B+C) = AB + AC

B A AB
B+C


C B
X
X A
A
C AC

X=A(B+C) X=AB+AC

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Faculty
©M. S. of
Ramaiah
Engineering
University
& Technology
of Applied Sciences ©M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates
x y x.y x y x+y x x’
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1

x.(y+z) = (x.y)+(x.z)
x y z Y+z x.(y+z) x.y x.z (x.y)+x.z
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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Faculty
©M. S. of
Ramaiah
Engineering
University
& Technology
of Applied Sciences ©M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Rules of Boolean Algebra

1. A  0  A 7. A  A  A
2. A  1  1 8. A  A  0
3. A  0  0 9. A  A
4. A  1  A 10. A  AB  A
5. A  A  A 11 . A  A B  A  B
6. A  A  1 12.( A  B )( A  C )  A  BC

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Ramaiah
Engineering
University
& Technology
of Applied Sciences ©M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Theorems
 1.

2.

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Engineering
University
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of Applied Sciences ©M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Theorems
 3.

4.

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Engineering
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 Theorems
 5.

6.

7.

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Ramaiah
Engineering
University
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 Truth table method
x y
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
xy x+xy
0 0
0 0
0 1
1 1

x=x+xy
x y x+y (x+y)’ x’ y’ x’y’
0 0 0 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0

(x+y)’ = x’y’  DeMorgan’s Theorem

(xy)’ = x’ +y’  DeMorgan’s Theorem
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Ramaiah
Engineering
University
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of Applied Sciences ©M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Summary
• The basic laws of Boolean algebra are:
The commutative laws
The associative laws
The distributive laws
• The commutative law of addition for two variables is written as:
A+B = B+A
• The associative law of addition for 3 variables is written as:
A+(B+C) = (A+B)+C
• The distributive law is written for 3 variables as follows:
A(B+C) = AB + AC

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Faculty
©M. S. of
Ramaiah
Engineering
University
& Technology
of Applied Sciences ©M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences