Case report

Smrithi Krishna
 •  75‐year‐old man
• weakness and dizziness

case •
•
His past medical history included COPD and hypertension
Patient was not receiving steroids on daily basis
• He was, however, abusing nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory
medication due to right elbow and wrist osteoarthritis.
• Patient was a former smoker with 50 packs/year smoking
history.
 • Physical examination showed heart rate at 74 beats/min
On examination •
•
blood pressure of 150/68 mm Hg.
Abdomen was soft, nontender.
• Bowel sounds were hyperactive.
• Rectal examination revealed no lesions, masses, and blood
and was otherwise unremarkable.
 Initial laboratory evaluation – WBC
Kidney function test
CRP
What investigations Liver functions
Abdominal ultrasound 
must be done next ? CT scan
• Initial laboratory evaluation showed mild leukocytosis WBC 13700/mm3 (normal 4‐11
103/mm3) and anemia; Hgb 7,03 g/dL, Hct 22,40% (normal Hgb 14‐18g/dl, Hct 42%‐54%).
• Liver functions were within normal limits, and γGT was a bit deranged to 56 IU/L (normal
10‐49 IU/L).
• Total bilirubin, blood urea, creatinine, sugar, and coagulation parameters were normal.
• CRP was 17.3mg/dl (normal 0‐0,70 mg/dL).
• Abdominal ultrasound showed a hyperechoic well‐defined mass 2.38 cm in the right lobe of
the liver having hemangioma characters, as well as intrahepatic bile duct dilatation.
• Patient was booked and done a CT scan which revealed a thickened gastric mucosa without
free air and fluid.
• Tumor markers were all of normal range.
Contrast computed tomography finding. Thickened gastric
mucosa without free air or fluid.
Endoscopic photographs showing a large ulcerative crypt in the
gastric antrum.
 • patient was booked for diagnostic laparoscopy on the next
session available. In the operating room, discovered a giant
gastric ulcer 5 × 2 cm which was penetrating into liver.
What is the most
• Perforated PUD accounts for 2%‐14% of peptic ulcers;
likely diagnosis ? however, a penetration into liver is rare.
 What is the
management ?
 Management

Major operation such as a subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction

A wedge resection of the ulcer, followed by primary repair, remains a useful alternative in
patients unfit for major operation. 

Choosing between a major or a minor surgery is a challenge requiring consideration of many

factors. The size and the location of a perforated gastric ulcer, the suspicion of malignancy,
diffuse peritonitis, sepsis, age, gender, and comorbidity are some of the factors that need to be
taken into account before deciding what type of procedure we will perform.
 MCQ
Which of the following is accurate about the etiology of PUD and related conditions?
a. Tobacco, ethanol, and caffeine are all considered major causes of PUD

b. Helicobacter pylori and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use have a synergistic causal relationship

c. Although once thought to be a factor, seasonal changes and climate extremes do not have a relationship to PUD or related conditions

d. Most individuals with PUD have a family history of duodenal ulcers, and genetic factors are a major risk factor for development

Ans : Helicobacter pylori and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use have a synergistic causal relationship
Which of the following is accurate about the presentation of PUD and related conditions?
a. Patients with gastric ulcers are more likely to experience nightly pain as opposed to patients with duodenal ulcers

b. Adults with gastric outlet obstruction present with nausea and emesis immediately after a meal

c. The vast majority of patients with symptoms suggestive of peptic ulceration upon presentation are found to have a peptic ulcer

d. NSAID-induced gastritis or ulcers are sometimes silent, especially in elderly patients

Ans : NSAID-induced gastritis or ulcers are sometimes silent, especially in elderly patients