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“Learn from yesterday, live for

today, hope for tomorrow. The
important thing is not to stop
questioning.”
 STE 9 - Amber

"THURSDAY FACTS"
PRESENTS
ALBERT EINSTEIN!
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who is he?
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist,
widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most
influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for
developing the theory of relativity, but he also made
important contributions to the development of the theory of
quantum mechanics.
 Facts about Einstein
One of the famous genuises with
estimated IQ level of 160! His family is Jewish

Best known for his equation E = mc2, Discoverer of the photoelectric effect, for
which states that energy and mass (matter) which he won the Nobel Prize for
are the same thing, just in different forms. Physics in 1921

He is also known as a Philosopher

He is a pacifist meaning he opposes
war or violence as a means of He had violin lessons, which he had from
settling disputes. age six to age thirteen

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 Presentation by Group 4 STE 9 - Amber

Einstein contributed more than any other scientist to the

modern vision of physical reality. His special and general
theories of relativity are still regarded as the most
satisfactory model of the large-scale universe that we have.

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 Early Life and Education
Einstein excelled at math and physics from a young age, reaching a mathematical level years
ahead of his peers. The 12-year-old Einstein taught himself algebra and Euclidean geometry
over a single summer.Einstein also independently discovered his own original proof of the
Pythagorean theorem aged 12. A family tutor Max Talmud says that after he had given the
12-year-old Einstein a geometry textbook, after a short time "[Einstein] had worked through
the whole book. He thereupon devoted himself to higher mathematics ... Soon the flight of
his mathematical genius was so high I could not follow."His passion for geometry and
algebra led the 12-year-old to become convinced that nature could be understood as a
"mathematical structure".Einstein started teaching himself calculus at 12, and as a 14-year-
old he says he had "mastered integral and differential calculus".
 Early Life and Education
At the age of 13, when he had become more seriously interested in philosophy (and music),
Einstein was introduced to Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. Kant became his favorite philosopher,
his tutor stating: "At the time he was still a child, only thirteen years old, yet Kant's works,
incomprehensible to ordinary mortals, seemed to be clear to him."
At 15, stayed in Munich to finish his studies at the Luitpold Gymnasium. His father intended for
him to pursue electrical engineering, but Einstein clashed with the authorities and resented the
school's regimen and teaching method. He later wrote that the spirit of learning and creative
thought was lost in strict rote learning. At the end of December 1894, he traveled to Italy to join
his family in Pavia, convincing the school to let him go by using a doctor's note. During his time
in Italy, he wrote a short essay with the title "On the Investigation of the State of the Ether in a
Magnetic Field".
 Early Life and Education
In 1895, at the age of 16, Einstein took the entrance examinations for the Swiss
Federal polytechnic school in Zürich (later the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule,
ETH). He failed to reach the required standard in the general part of the examination, but
obtained exceptional grades in physics and mathematics.[36] On the advice of the
principal of the polytechnic school, he attended the Argovian cantonal school (
gymnasium) in Aarau, Switzerland, in 1895 and 1896 to complete his secondary
schooling. In September 1896 he passed the Swiss Matura with mostly good grades,
including a top grade of 6 in physics and mathematical subjects, on a scale of 1–6. At 17,
he enrolled in the four-year mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the
Federal polytechnic school.
Einstein's Works
Einstein attended secondary school at Aarau planning to use this route to enter
01 the ETH in Zürich.

He planned to graduate as a teacher of mathematics and physics and indeed

02 Einstein succeeded after graduating in 1900.

By mid 1901 he had a temporary job as a teacher, teaching mathematics at the

03 Technical High School in Winterthur. Another temporary position teaching in a
private school in Schaffhausen followed.

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 Einstein's Works
Einstein was then appointed as a technical expert third class in a patent office in
04 Bern. Einstein worked in this patent office from 1902 to 1909, holding a
temporary post when he was first appointed, but by 1904 the position was made
permanent and in 1906 he was promoted to technical expert second class.

While in the Bern patent office he completed an astonishing range of theoretical

05 physics publications, written in his spare time without the benefit of close contact
with scientific literature or colleagues.

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Einstein's Works
Einstein earned a doctorate from the University of Zürich in 1905 for a thesis On a
06
new determination of molecular dimensions.
In the first of three papers, all written in 1905, Einstein examined the phenomenon
discovered by Max Planck, according to which electromagnetic energy seemed to be
07 emitted from radiating objects in discrete quantities. Einstein used Planck's quantum
hypothesis to describe the electromagnetic radiation of light.

08 Einstein's second 1905 paper proposed what is today called the special theory of
relativity.
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Einstein's Works
09 Later in 1905 Einstein showed how mass and energy were equivalent.

The third of Einstein's papers of 1905 concerned statistical mechanics, a field of that
10 had been studied by Ludwig Boltzmann and Josiah Gibbs.

After 1905 Einstein continued working in the areas described above. He made
important contributions to quantum theory, but he sought to extend the special theory
11
of relativity to phenomena involving acceleration.

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Einstein's Works
In 1908 Einstein became a lecturer at the University of Bern after submitting his
12 Habilitation thesis Consequences for the constitution of radiation following from the
energy distribution law of black bodies.
By 1909 Einstein was recognised as a leading scientific thinker and in that year he
13 resigned from the patent office. He was appointed a full professor at the Karl-
Ferdinand University in Prague in 1911.
1911 was a very significant year for Einstein since he was able to make preliminary
predictions about how a ray of light from a distant star, passing near the Sun, would
14 appear to be bent slightly, in the direction of the Sun.

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Einstein's works
About 1912, Einstein began a new phase of his gravitational
15
research, with the help of his mathematician friend
Marcel Grossmann, by expressing his work in terms of the tensor
calculus of Tullio Levi-Civita and Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro.
Einstein called his new work the general theory of relativity. He
moved from Prague to Zürich in 1912 to take up a chair at the
Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule in Zürich.

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Einstein's Works
Einstein returned to Germany in 1914 but did not reapply for German citizenship.
What he accepted was an impressive offer. It was a research position in the
17 Prussian Academy of Sciences together with a chair (but no teaching duties) at the
University of Berlin. He was also offered the directorship of the Kaiser Wilhelm
Institute of Physics in Berlin which was about to be established.

late in 1915, the definitive version of general theory. Just before publishing this
18 work he lectured on general relativity at Göttingen. When British eclipse
expeditions in 1919 confirmed his predictions, Einstein was idolised by the popular
press.

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Einstein's Works
During 1921 Einstein made his first visit to the United States. His main reason
was to raise funds for the planned Hebrew University of Jerusalem. However he
19 received the Barnard Medal during his visit and lectured several times on
relativity. He is reported to have commented to the chairman at the lecture he
gave in a large hall at Princeton which was overflowing with people.

Einstein received the Nobel Prize in 1921 but not for relativity rather for his
20
1905 work on the photoelectric effect.

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Einstein's Works
Among further honours which Einstein received were the Copley Medal of the
21 Royal Society in 1925 and the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in
1926.
Niels Bohr and Einstein were to carry on a debate on quantum theory which began at
22 the Solvay Conference in 1927.
He made many contributions to peace during his life. In 1944 he made a contributi
on to the war effort by hand writing his 1905 paper on special relativity and puttin
23 g it up for auction. It raised six million dollars, the manuscript today being in the L
ibrary of Congress.

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 Einstein
The said list of Einstein's education and works goes
to prove that he really have a lot of contribution in
the field of science and also in peace. This shows that
he deserves to be widely acknowledge and trully is a
genius. After knowing his many works many would
call him an amazing person. But like other people the
genius also made mistakes and have his flaws.

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 Mistakes of Einstein
Albert Einstein was certainly the greatest physicist of the 20th century, and one of the greatest scientists
of all time. It may seem presumptuous to talk of mistakes made by such a towering figure, especially in
the centenary of his annus mirabilis. But the mistakes made by leading scientists often provide a better
insight into the spirit and presuppositions of their times than do their successes. Also, for those of us
who have made our share of scientific errors, it is mildly consoling to note that even Einstein made
mistakes. Perhaps most important, by showing that we are aware of mistakes made by even the greatest
scientists, we set a good example to those who follow other supposed paths to truth. We recognize that
our most important scientific forerunners were not prophets whose writings must be studied as infallible
guides—they were simply great men and women who prepared the ground for the better understandings
we have now achieved

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 Cosmological Constant
called the biggest blunder he had made in his life: the introduction of the cosmological constant.
After Einstein had completed the formulation of his theory of space, time, and gravitation—the
general theory of relativity—he turned in 1917 to a consideration of the spacetime structure of the
whole universe. He then encountered a problem. Einstein was assuming that, when suitably
averaged over many stars, the universe is uniform and essentially static, but the equations of
general relativity did not seem to allow a time-independent solution for a universe with a uniform
distribution of matter. So Einstein modified his equations, by including a new term involving a
quantity that he called the cosmological constant. Then it was discovered that the universe is not
static, but expanding. Einstein came to regret that he had needlessly mutilated his original theory.
It may also have bothered him that he had missed predicting the expansion of the universe.
 Contra Quantum Mechanics

The other mistake that is widely attributed to Einstein is that he was on the wrong side
in his famous debate with Niels Bohr over quantum mechanics, starting at the Solvay
Congress of 1927 and continuing into the 1930s. In brief, Bohr had presided over the
formulation of a “Copenhagen interpretation” of quantum mechanics, in which it is
only possible to calculate the probabilities of the various possible outcomes of
experiments. Einstein rejected the notion that the laws of physics could deal with
probabilities, famously decreeing that God does not play dice with the cosmos. But
history gave its verdict against Einstein—quantum mechanics went on from success to
success, leaving Einstein on the sidelines.
 Attempts at unification
Einstein’s rejection of quantum mechanics contributed, in the years from the 1930s
to his death in 1955, to his isolation from other research in physics, but there was
another factor. Perhaps Einstein’s greatest mistake was that he became the prisoner
of his own successes. It is the most natural thing in the world, when one has scored
great victories in the past, to try to go on to further victories by repeating the tactics
that previously worked so well. Think of the advice given to Egypt’s President
Gamal Abd al-Nasser by an apocryphal Soviet military attaché at the time of the
1956 Suez crisis: “Withdraw your troops to the center of the country, and wait for
winter.”
 Einstein's Flaws
Learning Disabilities
He had learning disabilities. Einstein was a late talker. He
Unfaithfulness
The genius was also sadly an unfaithful husband
didn't start speaking comfortably until he was nearly 6
years old. . Scientists now agree that Einstein had a to his first wife, Mileva Maric, and eventually
significant learning disorder that today would be left her to marry his mistress, Elsa Einstein, who
diagnosed as ADHD and/or dyslexia was also his cousin.

Smoking
The genius was a known smoker. He was a
lifelong member of the Montreal Pipe
Smokers Club. This contributed to his
chronic illness.
 What happened next?
By 1949 Einstein was unwell. A spell in hospital helped him recover but he began to prepare for
death by drawing up his will in 1950. He left his scientific papers to the Hebrew University in
Jerusalem, a university which he had raised funds for on his first visit to the USA, served as a
governor of the university from 1925 to 1928 but he had turned down the offer of a post in 1933
as he was very critical of its administration.
One more major event was to take place in his life. After the death of the first president of Israel
in 1952, the Israeli government decided to offer the post of second president to Einstein. He
refused but found the offer an embarrassment since it was hard for him to refuse without causing
offence.

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 What happened next?
One week before his death Einstein signed his last letter. It
was a letter to Bertrand Russell in which he agreed that his
name should go on a manifesto urging all nations to give up
nuclear weapons. It is fitting that one of his last acts was to
argue, as he had done all his life, for international peace.

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 Death
Albert Einstein died on the 18th of April, 1955, due to an abdominal aortic
aneurysm that burst and caused internal bleeding. This aneurysm was
previously repaired in 1948 by German surgeon Rudolph Nissen. However, on
the day before Einstein’s death, the surgical support fell apart, which led to a
fatal rupture. At the time, Einstein was writing down the draft of a speech he
was planning to deliver on television in connection with Israel’s seventh
founding anniversary. He decided to take his draft with him to the hospital,
hoping to complete his speech. Unfortunately, he ran out of time.
Death
At Princeton Hospital, where Einstein was brought, he declined to have surgery done on the
aneurysm. He was quoted as saying, “I want to go when I want. It is tasteless to prolong life
artificially. I have done my share; it is time to go. I will do it elegantly.” He died the
following morning, aged 76. Within seven and a half hours of Einstein’s death, the
pathologist Thomas Stoltz Harvey took out the famous physicist’s brain from his cranium
without approval from his family. He hoped that neuroscientists of the future would be able
to study the preserved brain and be able to learn what made the physicist so intelligent.
Stoltz then took the brain to the University of Pennsylvania, slicing it into several pieces.
He kept some of the samples to himself while giving the others to eminent pathologists.
 what can we learn in his life?
After knowing about Albert Einstein we can learn from him that failures are a part of
success. Persistency and determination are needed to reach our dreams. After Einstein
failed his examination he studied hard to reach his goal.

As child he was a late talker and had learning disablity but this didn't became a
hindrance to him. He grew widely known and became a genius .

He is an inspiration to us youth. Einstein was an odd child and as he grew he liked to

question things. But he did not feared to be different. He did not let his failure stop him
from acheiving his dreams. He dreamed and imagined. He is an inspiration to us, to use
our minds, study hard, never stop learning, be persistent and be determined to make our
dreams and imaginations come true.
what can we learn in his
life?
Aside form those, we can also learn from him that
genius doesn't mean perfect. Those poeple that we
view as an amazing person also have their flaws and
make mistakes as well. In the process of success there
are first errors in the making.
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Who is she?
Oprah Gail Winfrey, often referred to mononymously as
Oprah, is an American talk show host, television producer,
actress, author, and philanthropist. She is best known for her
talk show, The Oprah Winfrey Show, broadcast from
Chicago, which ran in national syndication for 25 years,
from 1986 to 2011.
 Facts about Oprah
Winfrey was named "Orpah" after the
biblical character in the Book of Ruth on
her birth certificate, but people
mispronounced it regularly and "Oprah"
stuck
As a child, Oprah Winfrey was
nicknamed "The Preacher" for her
ability to recite Bible verses as her
grandmother often took her to church
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Winfrey was born the daughter
of an unwed teen.
Oprah Winfrey is at least 8%
Native American--something she
discovered when undergoing a
DNA test for the PBS show
African American Lives.
Winfrey was nominated for an Academy
Award for Best Supporting Actress for
her role in Steven Spielberg's The Color
Purple.
Oprah Winfrey is the first
black woman billionaire and
the richest African-American
woman.
She is also referred to by
many as the most influential
woman in the world.
At bage 17, Winfrey won the
Miss Black Tennessee eauty
pageant.
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Winfrey came from a poor family and a victim of abuse

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 Life
Oprah Winfrey is an American television personality, actress, and entrepreneur whose syndicated
daily talk show was among the most popular of the genre. She became one of the richest and
most influential women in the United States.
Winfrey moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, at age six to live with her mother. In her early teens,
she was sent to Nashville to live with her father, who proved to be a positive influence in her life.
Winfrey received a full scholarship to Tennessee State University but left to pursue a career in
broadcasting; she eventually earned her degree in 1986. At age 19 she became a news anchor for
the local CBS television station, and in 1976 she was made a reporter and co-anchor for the ABC
news affiliate in Baltimore, Maryland. She found herself constrained by the objectivity required
of news reporting, and in 1977 she became cohost of the Baltimore morning show People Are
Talking.
 Life
Winfrey excelled in the casual and personal talk-show format, and in 1984 she moved to
Chicago to host the faltering talk show AM Chicago. Winfrey’s honest and engaging
personality quickly turned the program into a success, and in 1985 it was renamed
The Oprah Winfrey Show. Syndicated nationally in 1986, the program became the
highest-rated television talk show in the United States and earned several Emmy Awards.
In 1985 Winfrey appeared in Steven Spielberg’s adaptation of Alice Walker’s 1982 novel
The Color Purple. Her critically acclaimed performance led to other roles, including a
performance in the television miniseries The Women of Brewster Place (1989). Winfrey
formed her own television production company, Harpo Productions, Inc., in 1986, and a
film production company, Harpo Films, in 1990.
 Story of Abuse
While Winfrey, has been open about her success and obstacles she had to overcome to get
there, she stayed quiet about her own experience with sexual abuse — specifically, that she
was molested by her cousin, an uncle and a family friend as a young girl.

Although Winfrey chose to keep the truth locked up for decades, she first felt the urge to
reveal her story to comfort a sexual assault victim on her former talk show, People Are
Talking.

In her mental health series "The Me You Can't See" which she created in collaboration with
Prince Harry. She opened up about the lasting trauma caused by the sexual assaults that she
was subjected to until the age of 14.
 Story of Abuse
During the first episode Oprah discussed her own childhood trauma, explaining that she
didn't even know what sex and rape were when her 19-year-old cousin began raping her as a
child — but the experience taught her that young girls are never safe.

“It happened to me at 9, and then 10, and then 11, and then 12, 13, 14. You don’t have the
language to begin to explain what’s happening to you,” the A Wrinkle in Time star told
PEOPLE for the March 12, 2018 cover story. “That’s why you feel you’re not going to be
believed. And if the abuser, the molester, is any good, they will make you feel that you are
complicit, that you were part of it. That’s what keeps you from telling.”
 Story of Abuse
“You see there really is no darker secret than sexual abuse,” she said at the time. “I am
telling you about myself so that maybe the closet where so many sexual abuse victims and
their abusers hide might swing open just a crack today, and let some light in.”

Throughout her career, the talk show host has produced more than 200 episodes about
sexual abuse.

On Nov. 5, 2010, the "Oprah Winfrey Show" invited 200 male molestation survivors to
appear. The watershed episode has been recognized for how it challenged cultural norms
about sexual abuse and male survivors.
 Oprah's Works
Winfrey is a producer, actress, television icon. She was the first Black
01
American woman to own her own production company. She was
nominated for an Academy Award in her first movie, The Color Purple.
Winfrey was once television’s highest-paid entertainer as the successful
host of a syndicated television talk show that reached 15 million people
a day. The Oprah Show lasted for twenty-five seasons.

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Oprah's Works
She also does all that she can to eradicate child abuse. As a victim
02
herself, Winfrey knows the damage abuse does to young lives. She was a
major force in the drafting, lobbying, and passage of the National Child
Protection Act. The Act was signed into law by President Clinton in
1994. The Act establishes a national registry of child abusers to help
employers and those working with children to screen out dangerous
people.

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Oprah's Works
Oprah Winfrey engaged in numerous philanthropic activities, including the
03 creation of Oprah's Angel Network, which sponsors charitable initiatives
worldwide. In 2007 she opened a $40 million school for disadvantaged girls in
South Africa.
Winfrey is also a committed philanthropist, providing significant assistance to
03
schools (Morehouse College, Tennessee State University, Chicago Academy of
Arts) as well as to the Chicago Public Schools. She also funds battered women’s
shelters and campaigns to catch child abusers

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 Oprah
The said works Oprah shows how she truly is an
influential person. She was once poor as a child and
abused but worked hard and became successful -
highest paid entertainer. The money she earned because
of her hard work, she used it to help people, especially
victims of abuse. She used her power and influence in
order to protect the people that experiences the same
hardship and pain she experienced. Also to prevent
more people experiencing it.

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Presentation by Group 4 STE 9 - Amber

Despite of being the highest paid entertainer her greatest works are her
philanthropist activites, charities, and help to the victims of abuse.
These works of her are what made her great as a person. These works of
her are what helps the world better especially for young girls, women
and abuse victims. She helped them be seen and be able to speak up for
theirselves.
 what can we learn in her life?
We can learn from her that we can overcome our hardships and
we can use this hardship as a motivation for us to become
successful. That our succes begins in us. She is also an
inspiration to us to help others.

As her quote said “It doesn’t matter who you are, where you
come from. The ability to triumph begins with you – always”
what can we learn in her life?
But most importantly she is a big inspiration
to those that are experiencing abuse. She is an
inspiration to overcome your fears and speak
up about your own experience of abuse.
Presentation by Group 4 STE 9 - Amber

Thank
You!