Designing of a

Miniature Radar
System for
Laboratory Use

STUDENT NAME :Pretty Manyewe

STUDENT REG NUMBER : R151229K
PROJECT SUPERVISOR: DR P. Manyere
Introduction RADAR (RAdio Detecting And Ranging)

• RADAR (Radio Detecting and Ranging)

• Radar is an electromagnetic system for the detection
and location of objects.
• It operates by transmitting a particular type of
waveform, a pulse-modulated sine wave for example,
and detects the nature of the echo signal.
• Radar is used to extend the capability of one's senses
for observing the environment, especially the sense of
vision. The value of radar lies not in being a substitute
for the eye, but in doing what the eye cannot do
• Topic

Design and Development of a

Miniature Radar System for
laboratory use as a training aid for
Electromagnetic and Microwave
courses.
• OVERALL JUSTIFICATION

• To help students visualize Electromagnetic and

Microwave theories better.
• Build better understanding of the topics that are
necessary in radar and electromagnetic studies
• Identify the strengths and limitations of theoretical
models as predictors of real-world behaviors
• Overall Objectives

• Build a miniature radar system detecting 50m Radius

with 100m Diameter
• Building all the blocks constituting of a radar system
• Displaying of the Radar output on a CRO or monitor.
• Radar Block Diagram
• Individual Segment

DESIGN AND DEVELOP THE LOCAL OSCILLATOR,

MIXER AND LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER SYSTEM
• OBJECTIVES

 TO DESIGN A SUPERHETERODYNE RECEIVER THAT IS MADE UP OF THE LOW

NOISE RF AMPLIFIER, MIXER AND THE LOCAL OSCILLATOR

 TO CATER FOR GOOD SENSITIVITY, HIGH GAIN, RELIABILITY AND LOW NOISE
WITHOUT SACRIFICING COST AND SIZE OF THE RECEIVER

 TO DETECT ECHO SIGNALS IN THE PRESENCE OF NOISE INTERFERENCE AND

CLUTTER SINCE ITS TO BE USED IN A LAB WITH STUDENTS

 SEPARATE UNWANTED SIGNALS FROM WANTED , AMPLIFY THE WANTED

SIGNALS TO A LEVEL WHERE TARGET INFORMATION CAN BE DISPLAYED TO AN
OPERATOR OR USED IN A N AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSOR
• BRIEF EXPLANATION OF COMPONENTS

LOW NOISE RF AMPLIFIER

• IT AMPLIFIES THE VERY LOW POWER SIGNAL WITHOUT DEGRADING THE ITS SIGNAL TO
NOISE RATIO
• IT IS OF VERY UCH IMPORTANCE BECAUSE OF ITS INFLUENCE ON THE OVERALL NOISE
FIGURE
• IT ALSO IMPROVES THE SENSITIVITY TO THE MIXER
MIXER
• USED TO CHANGE THE QUALITY AND LEVELS OF AUDIO SIGNALS . BASICALLY TO CHANGE
THE RF ENERGY TO IF ENERGY WITH MINIMUM LOSS
• THIS CAN BE ACHIEVED BY USE OF A SILICON POINT CONTACT AND SCHOTTKY BARRIER
DIODES
LOCAL OSCILLATOR
• USED WITH A MIXER TO CHANGE THE FREQUENCY OF A SIGNAL
• CHOICE BETWEEN CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR AND VARIABLE OSCILLATOR
• DESIGN PROCEDURE

MIXER
• Determine LO, RF and IF frequency ranges
• Local oscillator drive required
• Choice of passive mixers because of their simplicity ,wide bandwidth and good
intermodulation distortion performance
• They exhibit conversion loss rather than gain but that is catered for by the local oscillator

LOCAL OSCILLATOR
• Use a crystal oscillator because it has good stability, performance, low cost
• However it has fixed frequency

LOW NOISE RF AMPLIFIER

• Important parameters to consider are gain, noise figure, non linearity and impedance
matching.
• METHODOLOGY

• CONSULT THE PROJECT SUPERVISOR

• PERFORM CALCULATIONS SO AS TO CHOOSE COMPONENTS THAT PERFORM THE
REQUIRED FUNCTION OF THE RECEIVER PRODUCING THE REQUIRED SIGNAL IN THE
CORRECT SPECTRUM OF RADIO SIGNALS
• PERFORM PRACTICAL LABBORATORY TESTS
• WORK ALONGSIDE MY GROUP MEMBERS TO PRODUCE A FUNCTIONAL RECEIVER FOR
THE RADAR SYSTEM
• READ TEXTBOOKS
• VISIT EXISTING WORK PLACES THAT USES RADAR SYSTEMS TO GET KNOWLEDGE ON
HOW TO DESIGN A RECEIVER FOR A RADAR SYSTEM
GANTT CHART
THANK
YOU