Central

Processing Unit
(CPU)

Computer Fundamentals
 Specific Objectives
1. Recall the four (4) basic functions of the
computer system
2. Differentiate between data and information
3. Identify examples of data and information
4. Define the term “Central Processing Unit”
5. Differentiate between the CPU and the system
Unit
6. Identify the four basic functions of the CPU
7. Identify the two main parts of the CPU
8. Discuss the relationship between the CPU and
the other components
WHAT ARE THE FOUR BASIC FUNCTION
OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM?

● Input

● Processing

● Output

● Storage
Differentiate between Data and Information?
Differentiate between Data and Information?

Data Information
Data is the raw Information refers to
material that is input data that has been
into a computer processed by a
system. It consists of computer system.
characters, numbers
and program code. 
 Instruction: Classify the following as DATA
OR INFORMATION?
1) Black 1) Data
2) 26 2) Data
3) Shanique loves the colour purple 3) Information
4) My bag is Red  4) Information 
5) 301, 405, 502 5) Data
6) Jack 6) Data
7) It was raining outside 7) Information
8) 32, Primrose Hill 8) Information
9) 5 9) Data
 WHICH PART OF THE COMPUTER IS
REFERRED TO AS THE BRAIN? WHY?
WHAT IS THE CENTRAL PROCESSING
UNIT?
 Processing – Central Processing Unit
● The Central Processing Unit (CPU) or
processor, is found inside the system unit of
the computer. The CPU is considered the
brain of the computer, it takes raw data and
follows a set of instructions to convert it into
information.
Differentiate between the CPU & System Unit

CPU

System Unit
The computer system unit is the outer shell
of all other main internal components of the computer .
 Four main functions of the CPU are:
●
Fetches data, information and instructions from memory
.

or receives data or information directly from the input

devices.
● Decodes or interpret data, information and instructions
received.
● Execute Instructions.

● Store: The CPU must give feedback after executing an

instruction, and the output data is written to the memory.
 Processing – Central Processing Unit
The processor has two main parts:
● Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

● Control Unit (CU).

 The Control Unit (CU)
● The Control Unit is the main part of the CPU. It
directs and co-ordinates all the activities within
the CPU.
● The Control Unit determines the sequence in which
instructions are executed. However, it does not
execute these instructions by itself. Instead, it send
them to the ALU for processing.
 Functions of The Control Unit (CU)
● Fetch instructions from memory or receive data or
information directly from an input device
● Decodes or interprets instructions

● Direct the flow of instructions to the next hardware

component based on instructions.
 Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

● The ALU performs all the arithmetic and logic functions in

a computer. For example if an instruction involves an
arithmetic operation such as addition, subtraction,
multiplication or division the control unit sends the data to
the ALU for processing.
 Functions of the Arithmetic and Logic Unit
(ALU)
● Performs arithmetic and logic operations such as
addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
● Performs relational operations such as comparing
two values to find out which value is greater or less
than or if they are equal.
Relationship between the CPU and
the other hardware components
 Relationship between the CPU and
the other hardware components
• The CPU fetches data, and instructions from memory or receives
data directly from input devices.
• The CPU then process the data into information and the information
is output using an output device. The information can also be stored
to Secondary Storage devices for future use.
Question
Time!
Question 1

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 Question 2

✔
Question 3

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Question 4

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 Question 5