Module 11-C

Acids ,Bases and Salts

Dr. Aurora S. Mapile

 Learning Objectives
At the end of this module the student should be able
to:
1.differentiate among acids, bases and salts
2.identify one from the other through their chemical
formula
3. explain the concept of pH
4.compare and contrast all three types of substance
5.name each substance based on their formulas
 Characterics of Acids
1.Chemical formula always starts with an H
(Examples:HCl,HNO3,H2SO4,HC2H3O2,H2CO3)
2.
 Acid’s Reaction with Blue Litmus Paper
• Turns blue Litmus Paper to Red
 Characteristics of Acids
• Neutralizes bases:
Neutralization reaction: reaction between an acid and a base to produce
salt and water
HCl + NaOH NaCl and HOH (H2O)
HNO3 + KOH KNO3 + HOH
H2SO4 + Mg(OH)2 MgSO4 + HOH
 Reaction of Acids with Carbonates
Acids react with Carbonates to produce CO2 gas
Examples:
1) vinegar added to baking soda:
fizzing occurs or effervescence
HC2H3O2 + NaHCO3 H2CO3 + NaC2H3O2
(Vinegar) (Baking soda)
(CO2 + H2O)
 Reaction of Acids with Metals
Acids react with metals to produce Hydrogen gas
HCl + Zn H2 + ZnCl2
 The Concept of pH
• pH is potential/power of Hydrogen
• Is a measure of acidity or basicity
• The pH range is 1 t0 14.
• pH 7 is neutral;1-less than 7 is acidic (acid)and greater than 7 to 14 is
basic(base)/alkaline
Common Substances and Their pH
 Characteristics of Bases
1.Chemical formula has the radical OH - (Hydroxide as its anion)
Examples: NaOH, Mg(OH)2,Ca(OH)2,Al(OH)3
 Characteristics of Bases
• Changes red litmus paper to blue
 Salts
Ionic Compounds are also called Salts, thus ,salts are not just NaCl
 Naming Acids
Types based on Number of Elements Present
1.Binary Acids
HX (Hydrogen+another element)
X= Group VII-A Elements or Group VI-A Elements
Hydro + stem of the name of element +ic acid
With Group VII-A ElementsWith Group VI-A Elements
HCl Hydrochloric acid H2S Hydrosulfuric acid
HF Hydrofluoric acid H2Se Hydroselenic acid
HBr Hydrobromic acid H2Te Hydrotelluric acid
HI Hydroiodic acid H2Po Hydropolonic acid
 Naming Acids
• 2.Oxyacids/Ternary Acids
Acids formed by oxyanions.
OXYANION/RADICAL NAME OF OXYANION OXYACID NAME OF OXYACID

C2H3O2- ACETATE HC2H3O2 ACETIC ACID

CO3-2 CARBONATE H2CO3 CARBONIC ACID
NO2- NITRITE HNO2 NITROUS ACID
NO3- NITRATE HNO3 NITRIC ACID
PO4-3 PHOSPHATE H3PO4 PHOSPHORIC
ACID
 Naming Acids
Oxyacids: General Rule
a)If the Oxyanion ends with an “ite”, the corresponding Oxyacid is an “ous”
acid.
b)If the Oxyanion ends with an “ate”, the corresponding Oxyacid is an “ic”
acid.
OXYANION/RADICAL NAME OF OXYANION OXYACID NAME OF OXYACID

ClO2- CHLORITE HClO2 CHLOROUS ACID

ClO3- CHLORATE HClO3 CHLORIC ACID

ClO- HYPOCHLORITE HClO HYPOCHLOROUS

ACID
 Naming of Bases and Salts
• Follows system of naming ionic compounds where the anion for bases
is the radical OH- (hydroxide) while salts follow naming of ionic
compounds.
Exercises:
1.Practice combining H+ with any anion (whether monatomic or
radical/oxyanion) and name the resulting acid.
2.Practice combining the anion, OH- (Hydroxide) with any cation
(whether monatomic or radical) and name the resulting base.