Chapter 8

Experimenting:
Electricity and Magnetism
Member of the group 6:
1. Arba’atun (150641100096)
2. Vony Nurul Fatma (150641100110)
3. Mila Alvianti (150641100111)
4. Siti Suhartinah (150641100126)
• Introduction
• Short reading
• Exercise
What is electricity?
What is magnetism?
 Short Reading
Lightning strikes

You know that lightning is actually electricity, but how does lightning occur?
The ancient Greeks noticed that when they rubbed a piece of amber* with wool
or fur, the amber would attract or pick up small pieces of leaves or dust. This was
called the amber effect. The English word electricity comes from the greek word
electron, which means amber. To demonstrate this concept, perform the
following experiment:
1. Arrange tiny pieces of paper on a table
2. Rub a plastic comb with some woolen fabric
3. Hold the comb over the pieces of paper and observe what
happens. The paper should be attracted to the comb. ( note ~ the
comb must be rubbed again to sustain its magnetic capacity)
In the eighteenth century, scientists discovered that there are two types of
electric charge. The American Benjamin Franklin named these charge positive
and negative. It was noted that like charged repel each other and unlike charges
attract each other.
In the experiment above, the magnetic effect occurs because
rubbing the comb causes some electrons from the cloth to run on
to the comb. The cloth than has fewer electrons (which are
negative) and thus becomes positively charged. The comb
therefore has additional electrons, giving it a negative charged.
The comb attracts the paper because opposite charged attract.
Similarly, you have probably experienced an electric shock when
you removed synthetic clothing from a clothes dryer, combed your
hair, or touched a metal doorknob after walking across a thick rug.
A spectacular example of this phenomenon occurs during a storm.
Inside a could currents of air rub against the raindrops. As the
electrons are rubbed off, one could becomes positively charged
and another negatively charged. The opposite charges attract each
other. And an enormous spark of electricity jumps from one could
to another or from a could to the ground. Thus, lightning is
produced.
 Exercise:
(Arranging Items Chronologically, page 114)

1. The heart pumps blood through the human body

3 The oxygen-rich blood return to the left side of the heart
1 The right side of the heart pumps blood into the lungs.
4 From the left side of the heart, the blood is pumped out to the
rest of the body through the arteries and returns to the heart through
the veins.
2 In the lungs, the blood gives up carbon dioxide (which we breathe
out) and absorbs oxygen.

2. Is easy to print a simple message on this computer

5 Turn off the computer.
2 Type the first line.
1 Turn on the computer.
3 Press the return key after typing each line.
4 Press the print key before typing each line.
3. The age of a rock is calculated by measuring the amount of its
uranium that has been corverted to lead.
1 Uranium, a radioactive element, changes into thorium.
4 Lead is not radioactive and remains stable.
3 Radium convert to lead
2 Thorium, also radioactive, turns to radium.

4. Mitosis is the process of cell division.

1 When a cell grows to a certain size, it begins to divided.
A cell wall forms through the center of cell.
Two separate “daughter cell” have thus been completely
formed.
The cell’s chromosomes begin to separate into two groups
and pull toward opposite end of the cell
5. The power of a nuclear explosion is produced by the splitting of the
atom.
3 This results in a chain reaction of splitting atoms, releasing an
enormous amount of energy.
2 The other neutrons then split other uranium atoms.
1 When the nucleus of a uranium atom is hit by a neutrons,
the nucleus splits, giving off other neutrons

6. Soil formation is a long process

4 Good soil has been performed
2 Then plants die and decompose, thus adding humus to the
tiny pieces of rock
1 First wind, sand, and rain wear away the rocks, producing tiny
particles
3 Earthworm and insects overturn the rocks and humus, mixing
everything up
Thank You
Any question?