CONTACT OF PACKAGING COMPONENTS LIKE

PVC AND ALUMINIUM FOIL

Submitted to : Sir Pervaiz shah

Submitted by : PhD Pharmaceutics
 CONTACT OF PACKAGING COMPONENTS LIKE PVC AND ALUMINIUM FOIL

• Introduction:

• “Pharmaceutical packaging is an economical

means of providing presentation, protection
and stability to product.”
• Types of packaging:
• Primary packaging
• Secondary packaging
• Tertiary packaging
Primary packaging is the material that first envelops the
product and holds it.
• E.g. blister packages, strip packages.

Secondary packaging is outside the primary packaging-

used to group the primary packages together.e.g.
Cardboard boxes,cartons.

Tertiary packaging is used for bulk handling, warehouse

storage and transport shipping.e.g. Large containers
 MATERIALS USED FOR MAKING OF CONTAINERS

• GLASS
• l. Type1 glass containers (borosilicate/neutral
glass)
• Inert
• Used for:
• parenterals e.g. Ampoules and vials
• Non-parenteral glass containers e.g.
laboratory glass apparatus
• ll. Type 2 glass containers(treated soda lime)
• Less inert, cheaper than type l glass container.
• Treated and can be used for alkali sensitive product.
• Used for: infusion fluids, blood or plasma
• lll. Type 3 glass containers(regular soda lime glass)
• Untreated for alkali so not to be used for alkali
sensitive products.
• Cheapest
• Suitable for storage of powders
• lV. Type 4 glass containers(Non-parenteral
/NP glass)
• General purpose glass
• Used for: topical and oral use.
BLOOMING OR WEATHERING:
• When a glass is stored for several months in damp
atmosphere or with extreme temperature
variations,the wetting of surface results in salts being
dissolved out of glass in the form of fine crystals.
SULPHUR TREATMENT:
• To treat blooming/weathering commercial soda lime
glass is treated with Sulphur dioxide to remove surface
alkali and salts can be washed off with water or acid.
2. PLASTICS
Plastics are synthetic polymers which are light in weight, easier to handle.
• TYPE OF PLASTICS
Plastics are classified into two groups according to their behavior when heated:

1. Thermoplastic type
• On heating, they soften to a viscous fluid which hardens again on cooling.

2. Thermosetting type
• When heated, they may become flexible but they do not become liquid;
• DRUG-PLASTIC CONSIDERATION
• Drug plastic consideration have been divided
into five separate categories:-
• (1) Permeation, (2) leaching, (3) sorption, (4)
chemical reaction, (5) alteration in the physical
properties of plastics or products.
1. PERMEATION
• The transmission of gases or vapours through plastic
packaging materials can have an adverse effect on drug.
2. LEACHING
• Additives those are added in the plastics may leach into
the content.
3. SORPTION
• This process involves the removal of constituents from
the drug product by the packaging material. E.g A
common problem is the loss of preservatives.
4. CHEMICAL REACTIVITY
• Certain Ingredients in the formulation may
react with the plastic.
5. MODIFICATION
• The physical and chemical alteration of the
packaging material by the drug product is
called modification. E.g. Oils have a softening
effect on PVC.
RUBBER
Natural Rubber:
• Natural rubber consists of long chain polymers
units linked together
Compounding rubbers:
• Some of the properties of raw rubber (e.g. poor
elasticity and sensitivity of temperature change)
makes it unsuitable for the production of most
rubber articles.
• METALS
• Tin
• Tin is the most expensive metal. e.g. tin-
coated tubes, fluoride toothpaste,eye
ointments.
• Aluminium
• Aluminium is a light metal, cost is less.
• E.g. Aluminium ointment tubes
• Iron
• Iron as such is not used for pharmaceutical
packaging, used with steel and tin.
• E.g. screw caps and aerosol cans.
• Lead
• Lowest cost and Soft metal.
• E.g. lead tubes are used for such product as
fluoride tooth paste.
PAPER:
Types of paper labels:
As indicated above there are basically four types of
paper labels, as follows.
• 1. Plain paper—applied after the addition of an
adhesive.
• 2. Pregummed paper—where the label is applied after
wetting with water. The paper is pre-coated with
dextrine or gum arabic.
 
• 3. Heat sensitive labels—applied after the
activation of a thermoplastic coating by the
use of heat.
• 4. Pressure sensitive or self-adhesive—
applied by the application of pressure.
ALUMINIUM FOIL
• Aluminum foil provides a complete barrier to
light, oxygen, moisture and bacteria. For this
reason, foil is used extensively in food and
pharmaceutical packaging.