REDESIGNING, MODELING & OPTIMIZATION OF WATER

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF ULIYAN BHATIYA

BASTI (KADMA, JAMSHEDPUR

By
PRAKASH GUPTA

Under the guidance of

Prof. NIGAM PRAKASH
Associate Professor

Department of Civil Engineering

National Institute of Technology
Jamshedpur
OUTLINE

Introduction

Objective of present study

Literature Review

Formula used

Study area map & its demographic features

Problems & challenges

Modelling and Results

Observations and Conclusions

References
 INTRODUCTION
The water distribution on earth shows that most water in the Earth's
atmosphere and crust comes from the world ocean's saline seawater, while
freshwater accounts for only 2.5% of the total. So the purpose of distribution
system is to smartly manage the limited fresh drinking water & deliver water
to the consumers with appropriate quality, quantity and pressure
Water is a vital element in the living organisms and is an important
component and also a key element for the socio-economic development of the
country
A water distribution system is an essential infrastructure in the supply of
water for domestic as well as industrial uses.
It connects consumers to sources of water using hydraulic components, such
as pipes, valves, pumps, tanks etc.
 OBJECTIVE OF PRESENT STUDY
To ensure the water distribution system supply water equitably to the
consumers with sufficient pressure so as to discharge the water at the
desired location.
To calculation of the revised demands for gravity and pressurized
network.
To design the water distribution network of the study area efficiently and
minimizing the NRW.
To hydraulically segregate the network with the concept of DMA.
To calculation of optimized cost of the total work.
It should be capable of supplying requisite amount of water during fire
fighting.
Water quality should not get deterioted in the distribution pipe.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Author Content

Bhave P.R. & Gupta(1978) Optimization of single source network

Bhavna K. Ajudia, Dr. S. M.
Yadav(2012) WDN Design and Cost Analysis

Alperovits E., Shamir U. Design of Optimal Water Distribution System

(1977)
L. A. Rossman 2009
WATER GEMS MANUAL- Users Manual, USEPA.
 LITERATURE REVIEW Cntd….

Author Content
Analysis of Water Distribution Network for Karanja
Elsheikh M. A.(2001)
Village

W. M. Grayman, R. E. Effects of redesign of water distribution system for

Murray, D. A. Savic(2009) water security and water quality factors

G., MacDonald, C., DMA design and implementation, an American

Yates(2005) context

Sumithra R.P. (2014) Design of Water Supply Distribution Network For

Kuchhadi Village
.
STUDY AREA MAP & ITS DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES

N
STUDY AREA(contour map)
DETAILS OF STUDY AREA

Uliyan Bhatiya Basti lies in East Singhbum district of Jharkhand.

Uliyan Bhatiya Basti lies between Latitude 22.80340 N & Longitude
86.16750 E.
The maximum temperature goes up to 40-47° C in summer whereas
in winter it has recorded a minimum of 4.2° C.
The average annual rainfall in Uliyan Bhatiya Basti(Jamshedpur) is
recorded nearly as 983 mm.
Population of 18184( upto 2016 of study area).excel files\pop.xlsx
 FORMULA’S USED IN THE ANALYSIS
Hazen and Williams-
PROBLEMS & CHALLENGES
The old critical network is shown as below, where many demand points
are facing problem with inefficient pressure head. The most critical
section as shown below in study area map. nit..prakash\old network\ulian.wtg
 REFER TO WATERGEMS FILE OF OLD NETWORK
SHOWING

1. Old network diagram

2. Computing the model
3. Showing flex table for pipes with losses
4. Showing flex table for junction(showing critical pressure zones)
excel files\old network pipe results.xlsx
 POPULATION GRAPH-
Time Vs Population
30000

25000
24423
22202
20000
20183
18184
Population

15000

10000

5000

0
1

Time(years)

2017 2027 2037 2047

Unit Demand(As per IS:1172-1993) for HIG
Minimum Domestic water consumption for Indian Towns & Cities with full Flushing
System as per IS: 1172-1993.
Use Consumption in litres per head per day(l/h/d)

Drinking 5

Cooking 5

Bathing 75

Washing of clothes 25

Washing of Utensils 15

Washing & cleaning of houses & residences 15

Lawn watering & Gardening 15

Flushing of water closets etc 45

Total 200
Unit Demand(As per IS:1172-1993) For LIG
Minimum Domestic water consumption for weaker sections LIG colonies in small
Indian Towns & Cities as per IS: 1172-1993.
Use Consumption in litres per head per day(l/h/d)

Drinking 5

Cooking 5

Bathing 55

Washing of clothes 20

Washing of Utensils 10

Washing & cleaning of houses & residences 10

Flushing of water closets, etc 30

Total 135
UNIT DEMAND & HYDRAULIC PATTERN
YEAR
LPCD TIME VS LPCD
165 165

2017 150 160

LPCD
2027 160 150

2037 165
2017 2027 2037 2047
YEAR
2047 165
FLOW CHART OF WATER DISTRIBUTION
NETWORK

15 years*
30 years* 30 years*

* Design life
MODELLING AND RESULTS
Modeled pipe network layout with new connections & new demand is shown.
nit..prakash\my project final..age=tr=cl
N
 
2017 SCENARIO

Refer to watergems file of new network showing

1. Network diagram
2. Run the model
3. Showing flex table for pipes
4. Showing flex table for junction
nit..prakash\my project final..age=tr=cl\ulian.wtg
excel files\new pipes results 2017.xlsx
excel files\new junction result 2017 & 2027.xlsx
 GRAPHS

Showing the graphs of some junction in watergem file

1. Lowest pressure
2. Highest pressure
3. Intermediate pressure
And also graph of headloss, headloss hradient,flow,etc..
nit..prakash\my project final..age=tr=cl\ulian.wtg
excel files\j 1463.xlsx
2027 SCENARIO

Refer to watergems file of new network showing

1. Network diagram
2. Run the model
3. Showing flex table for pipes
4. Showing flex table for junction
nit..prakash\my project final..age=tr=cl\ulian.wtg
excel files\new pipe results 2027.xlsx
excel files\new junction result 2017 & 2027.xlsx
2037 SCENARIO

Refer to watergems file of new network showing

1. Network diagram
2. Run the model
3. Showing flex table for pipes
4. Showing flex table for junction
nit..prakash\my project final..age=tr=cl\ulian.wtg
excel files\new pipe result 2037.xlsx
excel files\new junction result 2037 & 2047.xlsx
2047 SCENARIO

Refer to watergems file of new network showing

1. Network diagram
2. Run the model
3. Showing flex table for pipes
4. Showing flex table for junction
nit..prakash\my project final..age=tr=cl\ulian.wtg
excel files\new pipe result 2047.xlsx
excel files\new junction result 2037 & 2047.xlsx
 COMPARISON OF GRAPHS OF DIFFERENT
SCENARIOS OF 2017 T0 2047
Showing the graps of some junction in watergem file
1. Lowest pressure
2. Highest pressure
3. Intermidiate pressure
And also graph of headloss, headloss hradient,floe,etc..
nit..prakash\my project final..age=tr=cl
excel files\comparision 2017 t0 2047.xlsx
OPTIMAZATION RESULT USING DARWIN DESIGNER

Refer to watergems file of 2017 network.

1. Run the model.

2. Show the optimized results.
nit..prakash\my project final..darwin\ulian.wtg

Showing the same procedure for 2027,2037 & 2047 scenarios

WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS

In conjunction with Extended Period simulations, Bentley WaterGEMS

V8i is capable of performing a water quality analysis to compute water
age, constituent concentration, or percentage of water from a given
node (trace analysis). Using these features, one can look at factors such
as residence time in tanks, chlorine residuals throughout the system, and
which tank or reservoir is the primary water source for different areas in
your system.
 WATER TREATMENT FLOW CHART

Raw Water from Dimna / River

Filter Back Wash Water Recirculation

Alum Dosing for Coagulation

Raw Water Reservoir
Clarification

Mixing Treated
Filter
Channel Water
Beds
Reservoir
Raw Water Reservoir Flocculation

Filtration

Filtered Water Post Chlorination

(Treated Water)

To Customer
Pump House
To Customer
Water Towers
AGE ANALYSIS & CONSTITUENTS ANALYSIS

Showing the graphs of tank & of some junction in watergem file

1. Refer gem file
2. Run the model
3. Showing results.
nit..prakash\my project final..age=tr=cl\ulian.wtg
excel files\age data of different nodes.xlsx
Age analysis graph for tank
Age analysis graph for Junction
Chlorine analysis graph for Tank
Chlorine analysis Junction for junction
CRITICALITY OF THE NETWORK
CRITICALITY OF THE NETWORK
CONCLUSION & OBSERVATION
The Redesigned & newly built WDN of Uliyan Bhatiya Basti is easily
capable of full filling the total demand of 18184 & is also designed in such a
manner so as to meet the demand for upcoming 3 decades.
At the end of the analysis it was found that the resultant pressures at all the
junctions and the flows with their velocities at all pipes are adequate enough
to provide water within the study area.
With the help of WaterGEMS software an optimal water distribution network
are designed and also helps in achieving objective of minimizing the overall
cost while meeting the water demand requirements at adequate pressures for
specified maximum design discharge over a long period of time.
With WaterGEMS software one can identify and solve all types of problems
in new as well as existing network. The software is also used for expansion
of existing water distribution network which is done in this project also.
This study would help the water supply engineers in saving time as this
process is fast and less tedious.
REFERENCES
1. Alperovits E., Shamir U. Design of Optimal Water Distribution System, Journal of Water
Resource, 136, 1977, pp.885-900.
2. Babayan, A. et al. (2005): Least-Cost Design of Water Distribution Networks under Demand
Uncertainty. J. Wat. Res. Pla. and Man., 131(5): 375–382
3. Bhave P.R. & Gupta Non computer optimization of single source network, Journal of
Environment Engg, 104 (EE4), 1978, pp. 779-814.
4. Bhavna K. Ajudia, Dr. S. M. Yadav, WDN Design and Cost Analysis, Case Study,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260433636, March 2012.
5. Chambers K, Creasey J and Forbes L. (2004): Design and Operation of Distribution Network.
World Health Organization. Safe Piped Water:Managing Microbial Water Quality in Piped
Distribution Systems. IWA Publishing. London. UK 39-45.
6. CPHEEO Manual on Water Supply and Treatment published by Central Public Health and
Environmental Engineering, New Delhi, India in 1999.
REFERENCES Cntd…
7. Sumithra R.P., et. al.,. Design of Water Supply Distribution Network For Kuchhadi Village,
Indian Journal of Research, 3(2), 2014, PP.94-97.
8. Suribabu C. R., Neelakanth T. R. Design of WDN using Particle Swarm Optimization, Urban
Water Journal; 1744-9006, 3(2), 2006, pp. 111 120.
9. The CRANE TP-410 manual.
10. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 5(6), 2014, pp.87-88.
11. Elsheikh M. A. et al.,. Analysis of Water Distribution Network for Karanja Village-
12. A Case Study, International Journal of Engineering, 2(3), 2012, pp. 2352-2355. West Local
Council, Osun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(3),
2016, pp.408–418.
13. Source: M Helene, 2000, Water - Unreliable Supply in Delhi, French Research Institute of
India.
14. HEC (2013) Hydraulic Engineering Circular:Urban Drainage Design Manual. HEC- 3rd
Edition, Federal Highway Administration, USA.
15. Jacoby Shmuel L. S., Design of optimal Hydraulic networks, Journal of Hydro.Division, 94 (3),
1968, pp. 641-661.
THANK YOU…….