Visual Impairment

Meaning of Visual impairment

• Visual impairment is a problem

related to visual activity.
• The person whose visual acuity
is less than 6/60 after glass
correction may be termed as
visually impaired.
Categorization
• Profoundly Impaired - They are
totally blind people having zero
acuity in both eyes.
• Severely Impaired - TheyThey
are partially blind people whose
visual acuity in the better eye is
less than 6/60 after maximum
correction.
• Moderately Impaired - Their
impairment is not very serious.
They have visual acuity in
between 6/24 to 6/60. They can
do each and everything if proper
help is given to them.
• Mildly Impaired - Such a visual
problem is very general in
nature. This doesn't disturb the
person in any way in doing any
visual task.
• Such people have a little less
than normal activity, i. e. 6/9 to
6/12
Characteristics of visually
impaired
• General characteristics - According
to some thinkers due to poor vision
or lack of vision they are endorsed
with greater capacities in the
remaining sensory areas.
• On the contrary, there is
evidence by some researchers
that they may be deficient in
other areas also upto some
extent but capacities for vocal
and sustained attention may be
beeter developed
Cognitive characteristics
• The visually impaired children may
have poor cognitive power as more
than 50% cases are learnt through
visual means.
• Many visual items in intelligence
test require seeing the stimuli
before responding.
• Visually impaired have to count on
auditoryor tactual abilities in order
to get information which is very
limited.
• We cannot have all the information
by touch or hearing.
Educational Characteristics
• For absolutely blinds the sources of
information are through tactual and
auditory perception.
• As far as partially blinds are
concerned they bring hands under
their visual guidance.
• They do not have visual
experience of those objects
which are either very far or very
small in size.
• Due to their limited range of
experiences, they learn in parts
rather than whole.
• They have to rely more on their
memory and hearing power in
order to learn and retain the
material.
• For severely impaired children
incidental or unintended learning
may be unavailable.
Physical characteristics
• In terms of size and appearance,
people with impaired vision do not
differ from normal people.
• Their health may be somewhat
poor due to less mobility.
• Due to less mobility they are prone
to viral and infections diseases.
Behavioral characteristics
• They develop stereotype behavior,
since they do not perceive
intensive visual stimulation.
• This behavior is also caused by
social deprivation and neglect.
• They are very irritative in nature.
• The reason is that they are badly
treated or ridiculed by others and in
response they adopt the same
attitude towards others.
• They possess very poor self
confidence due to their disability.
• Due to this they try to avoid people
and situations.
Social development
• They are ridiculed by normal
children and thus they began to
develop inferiority complex which
leads to Maladjustment in school
and neighborhood.
• They can participate in many play
activities and can increase their
social development.
• Since they are either neglected or
rejected in the society, they have
less chance of socialization.
• Even small amount of vision is
helpful for social development. So
partial blind do not lag behind.
Communication Abilities
• They have difficulty in reading. They
need large print books or Braille.
• Writing and it's speed is not very
much affected in these children.
• Their communication may be
poor in the initial period of their
lives.
• They prefer oral to written
communication and dont like to
read or write too much.
Thank you🙏