Water

Resources
Ensuring Sustainability and Access
 Table of contents

01 02 03
Introduction Why ? Overview
Introduction to water resources Why are water resources Overview of the presentation
crucial?
Presenting by : Hana
Aysha IN CLASS OF 10D
"Water is the driving force of all
nature."

- Leonardo da Vinci
 01 What are water resources ?

Water resources are natural resources of water that are

Introduction potentially useful for humans

Different types of water resources : ::

 Surface water (rivers, lakes, and reservoirs)
Groundwater (aquifers)

 Rainwater harvesting

 Desalination
01
The Importance of Water Resources

 Human dependence on water

 Water is one of the natural resources, which are found in an adequate amount. 

 It is an essential source for the existence of life on the planet earth. 

 It is widely used for various purposes such as drinking, washing, bathing,

cleaning, cooking, irrigation, and other industrial and domestic uses.
 Challenges to Water Resources

Do you know what are the challenges to water resources

● Increasing population and water demand
● Climate change and its impact on water availability
● Pollution and water contamination
● Infrastructure and management issues
● Infrastructure and management issues
Water distribution on earth

12 oceans saltwater 97%

glaciers,
L
41 ice caps
fresh
water
2%

L
72 rivers, lakes, accessible
freshwater
1%

groundwater
DISTRIBUTION OF
WATER
We know that ¾ of the earth is water. In that;

● 96.5 % is ocean water and 2.5% is fresh water

● Among the 2.5 fresh water :-

 70% glacier , ice water

 30% ground water

● Only 4% from 30% is found and in use

 DISTRIBUTION OF
WATER
We know that ¾ of the earth is water. In that;

96.5% 2.5%
Ocean water Fresh water
Saturn is the only planet  70% glacier , ice
with rings water
 30% ground
water

Only 4% is found and in use

conservation and management of water resource

 reducing the risk of waterborne diseases and promoting

public health
 To prevent degradation of our natural ecosystem
 Ensuring he food security
 Over exploitation and mismanagement of water result in an
ecological crises
 Intensive industrialization has placed significant pressure on
available freshwater resources.
hydraulic structures in ancient India
These hydraulic structures in ancient India exemplified
the ingenuity and engineering prowess of the
civilization in effectively managing and utilizing water
resources for various purposes

Eg:- Irrigation Canals , Step wells , Water

Tanks , Water Reservoirs, Water Harvesting
Structures ,
DAM
 WHAT ARE DAMS ?

Dams are man-made structures that impound water, creating reservoirs for
various purposes like water storage, power generation, and flood control.
 Advantages and disadvantages

• It helps in irrigation • It causes health problems to the ones living around

• I helps in controlling flood by regulating water there
• It will bring water to the area which is suffering from • Blocks progression of water to other countries,
water scarcity states or regions
• Generate electricity • The construction of huge dams leads to a major
• Fish breeding deterioration of the earth's surface which causes
geological harm
• Methane gas is released from dams which mixes with
CO2 and causes global warming
 environmental impact of building dams
 Alteration of natural river flow: Dams disrupt the natural flow of rivers,
leading to changes in downstream ecosystems and impacting aquatic
habitats.

 Loss of biodiversity: The creation of reservoirs behind dams often

results in the flooding of large areas, submerging forests, wetlands, and
other ecosystems, leading to the loss of biodiversity.

 Altered sediment flow: Dams trap sediment, reducing downstream

sediment supply, which can negatively impact the health of river
channels, deltas, and coastal areas.
 Methane emissions: Dams can contribute to the release of
methane, a potent greenhouse gas, as vegetation decomposes
in the newly flooded areas.

 Impacts on downstream water availability: The regulation of

river flows by dams can affect downstream water availability,
potentially causing water scarcity in regions relying on
downstream water resources

 Impacts on cultural heritage: Dams can submerge

archaeological sites, cultural landmarks, and sacred sites,
resulting in the loss of cultural heritage
 Social impacts
 Displacement of communities: Construction of dams often requires the relocation of
communities living in the area, leading to the loss of homes, livelihoods, and cultural
heritage.

 Loss of land and property rights: People living in the area where dams are built may lose
their land and property rights, resulting in a loss of control and ownership over their
resources.

 Health and sanitation challenges: Relocation and changes in water sources can lead to
health and sanitation challenges for displaced communities, including the spread of
waterborne diseases.

 Economic changes and inequalities: The construction of dams can bring economic
benefits to some sectors while creating disparities and inequalities in the distribution of
resources and opportunities among different social groups.
 Water
Scarcity
 What is water scarcity ?
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources
to meet the standard water demand.
 The causes of water resources :-
 To facilitate higher food production, increased
irrigation is necessary, thereby requiring more water .

 Domestic and industrial wastes, along with chemical fertilizers,

contribute to the pollution of water quality.

 Unequal access of water among different social groups

 Greater demand of water with growing industrialization and

urbanization

 Cities face the challenge of overexploiting water resources,

leading to potential long-term consequences

 The growing population necessitates an increased demand for

water, both for domestic uses and for food production.
 Classificaion of dams

Timber dams,
Structure & Embankment dams,
material used masonry dams

Classificaion of dams

Height High, medium, low

You can use three columns, why not?

Timber dam Embankment dams Masonry dam

Primarily made of wood
Made of naturally available Made of stone and brick
soil and rock
Dams were traditionally built to impound rivers and
rain water that could be used later to irrigate
agriculture field. Today dams were built not just for
irrigation but for electric generation water supply
for domestic uses, flood control, recreation, and fish
breeding.
 Rain water harvesting

Rainwater harvesting is he collection and

storage of rainwater that runs off from
rooftop, roads, and open grounds
 Rain water harvesting system

Rain water harvesting system

Socialy benifitable Economially affordable Environment friendly

Despite being red, Mars is a It’s a gas giant and the Saturn is the only planet with
cold place biggest planet rings
 Environmental and economic benifits
Rainwater harvesting reduces the need for expensive water
infrastructure, making water services more cost-effective for
communities

Collecting and using rainwater to replace

municipal water use reduces your water
bill

Rainwater harvesting can reduce stormwater runoff from a

property.  The elimination of runoff can reduce
contamination of surface water with pesticides,
sediment, metals, and fertilizers.

Rainwater harvesting systems can be employed as simple

and effective methods to meet a municipality’s stormwater
management program requirements of individual properties.
This is a map of dams in india

Salal

Thungbhadra

Hirakud
Sardar sarovar
Rana pratap sagar
Nagarjuna sagar
Tehri
Bakra nangal
THANK
S