COMPUTER

ORGANIZATION
What is BIOS?
• BIOS is a program , stands for basic input/output system , which is
stored in nonvolatile memory like ROM(Read Only Memory) or flash
memory that allows you to set up and access your computer system
at the greatest basic level.Although there is no need for most people
to mess with the BIOS on a computer, it can be better to know about
BIOS.
Different types of BIOS
The BIOS screen is seen by every PC user, it does not matter he know it or
not each time he turns on his computer system. The
Functions of BIOS
• Power on self test (POST) : This test the hardware of the computer
before loading the OS.
• Bootstrap Loader : The BIOS recognize and locate the operating system when
the POST running successfully. The program bootstrap loader is contains by
the BIOS , which search and start the OS boot program. When BIOS detect
one it transfer access to operating system that is known as booting.
• BIOS setup utility program : It is a configuration software also known as
CMOS setup , that allows user to configure hardware settings as well as
device settings , date and time , computer password.
• The NVRAM , non-volatile memory , it used to store setting of memory ,disk
types and info about the computer system.
DMA
Direct memory access (DMA) is the process of transferring data without
the involvement of the processor itself. It is often used for transferring
data from input/output devices.