Laboratory Equipment

for Crude Oil Kabul University

Faculty of Engineering
Crude Oil ( fossil fuel )

Department of Energy
2023
 Introduction

A C
CONTENTS
B

Team Introduction Laboratory Equipment

 A
PART ONE
Team Introduction
We take great pleasure in introducing laboratory equipment for crude oil. To get a better
outcome for this report, our team collaborated.
01 Team Introduction

Ahmad Elham
Manager Belal Ahmad “Dayaan” Member
Khawaja “OMARI”

Presenter Mohammad Jaber Member Qudratullah

“BAYANI” “NAZARI”

Abdul Waris Tanwer Hussain

Presenter Member
”NOORI” “AMINI”

Sayed Reza Wasim “MUJADADI”

Presenter Member
“HUSSAINI”
 B
PART TWO
Introduction
01 Introduction

A crude oil test is the chemical evaluation of crude oil feedstocks

by petroleum testing laboratories.
Each crude oil type has unique molecular and chemical
characteristics, no two crude oil types are identical and there are
crucial differences in crude oil quality.
Crude oil testing consists: Crude oil assay, crude oil and
petroleum feedstocks tests, petroleum and petrochemical test
directory and etc.

Petroleum laboratories test Crude oil, Petroleum, Fuels and

other petroleum refined products. Petroleum lab testing services
support petroleum refining, cargo inspection, upstream and related
petroleum industry operations.

Petroleum products tests include crude oil, fuels, gases,

aromatics, petrochemicals, intermediate products, asphalt,
pet coke and more.
02 Introduction

Crude oil is tested by experienced petroleum chemists

working with samples obtained from petroleum cargo tankers,
reservoirs, pipelines, storage tanks, refineries and other
sources.
The most common and necessary tests that we have in
crude and petroleum labs are: viscosity test, flashpoint test,
fire point test, density test, Conradson carbon test, total acid
number (TAN) test, Sulphur content test, distillation range test,
aniline point test, cetane number test and more, and for these
tests we need equipment to do the test.
Some of these equipment are: flash point tester, vapor
pressure analyzer, rheometer/viscometer, combustion
analyzer, total Sulphur and Sulphites analyzers,
distillation equipment, smoke point tester, thermal
oxidation stability, chlorine analyzer, micro filter analyzer,
aniline point analyzer and more.
 C
PART THREE
Laboratory Equipment
All laboratory equipment that is necessary for crude oil have been reported through this presentation.
1 Flash Point Tester

Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a volatile substance

evaporates to form an ignitable mixture with air in the presence of
igneous source and continues burning after the trigger source is
removed.

An instrument which is designed to test and

1 2 determine a sample’s flash point, or the
temperature at which the sample’s vapors ignite.

3
Most flash points are determined experimentally by
heating the liquid in a container and then introducing in a
small just above the liquid surface. The temperature at
which there is a flash/ignition is recorded as the flash point.
2 Flash Point Tester

 Flash point testers are made in various shapes and with different
functions.
 They are determined according to there temperature range, and
the detection methods. There are mainly two kinds of it: Open
cup & Closed cup.
• Open cup: as the name suggests the test is conducted in a vessel
which is exposed to air outside, the temperature of substance is
raised and the ignition source is passed over the top until it
reaches a point at which it flashes and ignites.
 The flash point here will vary according to the distance between
the substance and the ignition source the height of the source
above the cup.
3 Flash Point Tester

• Close cup: also, as the name suggests the test is

conducted inside a closed vessel which is not open to
outside atmosphere.

The difference between them are: in closed cup test is

conducted in a confined environment the results are less
likely to be interfered with outside elements in lab. And
also one huge difference is that they generally produce
lower flash point.

Mostly the prices are in a range of 700$-2200$.

4 Distillation Equipment ( PMD 110)

Laboratory distillation equipment separates and purifies

liquids based on boiling points
Equipment consists of distillation flask, condenser, collecting
flask, and heating source

ISL PMD 110 is a fast and reliable response distillation

analysis solution.
Itis in accordance with ASTM D7345, ASTM D4814 and
ASTM D86.
The ISL PMD 110 improves response time improvements
compared to ASTM D86.
The PMD 110 micro distillation method accurately
determines the boiling range characteristics of any petroleum
product in less than 10 minutes using only 10 ml of sample
PMD 110
03 PMD 110 procedure

Press Start Getting Result

Step 02 Step 04

Step 01 Step 03
Inject Simple Distillation Run
5 Distillation Equipment

Distillation Characteristics of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures are

determined in distillation apparatus consisting mainly:
 Distillation flask that holds the sample to be tested
A condenser immersed in a cooling bath to condense the vapors
produced at the current temperature
A heat source
A receiving graduated cylinder
A calibrated temperature meter device
6 Viscometer

A viscometer is an instrument used to measure fluid viscosity and the flow

properties of liquids.

A rheometer can be considered as a special type of

viscometer.
Their more sophisticated cousins, measure the way a fluid
respond to applied shear or stress potentially providing data
on material structure and elasticity.
Rotational viscometers.
Capillary tube viscometers.
Falling ball viscometer. Viscometer

Vibration viscometers.
Cup viscometer.
7 Viscometer Usage In Laboratory

Viscometers are instrument that measure the fluid flow and

viscosity of liquids.

The viscosity of a liquid can effect its performance, whether

this is pumping or piping it, or how it performs for dipping and
coating.

 measuring viscosity, therefore, applies to wide range of

materials including. Oil, plastic, paints, coatings, adhesives,
wax, asphalt.
8 Viscometer Specification

Viscometer Specification
• Measuring range (mpa*s) : 6~320,000,000
• Rotating speed (RPM): 0.1~99.9/0.1~200(step less gear)
• Number of spindle: 4/6
• Accuracy: +or-1% full scale range in use
• Repeatability: +or-0.5% full scale range in use

Digital viscometer price

• Digital rotational viscometer tester laboratory oil viscometer
• price lvdv-1 is 437$-1683$.
• Viscosity tester digital viscometer lvdv-2 is 1100$-1500$.
• Asphalt viscometer digital liquid price is 2000$-3000$.
• High performance digital viscometer with factory price is
920$-1120$.
9 Rheometer

For liquids with viscosities which vary with flow condition an

instrument called a Rheometer is used.

These instruments find use in any area

that requires the study of flow properties, such as:

Food and-beverage testing, Chemicals, Materials science,

Cosmetics, Petroleum, and more.

Rheometer
10 Aniline Point Analyzer

What is aniline?

Aniline is an organic compound with formula (C6H12NH2)

consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group
the molecule is aromatic.

Aniline point

 Aniline point is defined as the minimum equilibrium solution

temperature for equal volume of aniline and oil sample.
Is another characteristic of petroleum fraction that indicates
the degree of aromaticity of hydrocodone mixtures.
11 Why we use aniline for aniline point ?

Aniline is also aromatic.

Because of their good solubility aromatic structures give the
lowest aniline values.
Aniline being an aromatic compound freely mixes with
aromatics.
Aniline point is used for: How we do aniline point test
 1) Gasoline Equal volumes of aniline and oil are stirred continuously
 2)kerosene in a test tube and heated until the two merge into a
homogeneous solution. Heating is stopped and the tube is
 3)gas oil allowed to cool. The temperature at which the two phases
 4)lab oil samples separate out is recorded as aniline point.
12 Aniline Point Analyzer

Aniline point apparatus

1) HK-262 manual aniline point apparatus

2) k-10290 automatic aniline point apparatus

Detail about HK- 262

a) Technical parameters
1. Rated voltage: AC 220v 10% 50Hz
2. Measuring range: indoor temperature ~150
3. Stirring speed : 0~1200 r/min
4. Heating power: 25w
Aniline Point Apparatus
13 Specification of HK- 262

b) Function and Composition

1) Thermometer 7) Dirt-proof shield

2) Stirring motor 8) Power switch
3) Thermometer socket 9) Stirring button
4) Test tube 10) Alarm button
5) Photoelectric receiver 11) Speed governor rotary knob
6) Heater 12) Voltage regulator rotary knob
13) Dimmer rotary knob.

• HK-262 aniline point apparatus price is 650$

• K-10290 automatic aniline point apparatus price is 2130$

HK - 262
14 Procedure of testing

1.Take down the thermometer THEN Lift the stirring motor manually and take out the test tube

2.Inject (10ml) aniline and (10ml) sample into clean and dry test tube and Install the test tube on the
apparatus.

3.Insert the thermometer make the middle part of the mercury bulb at the parting of aniline and sample then
Turn on the power switch and stirring switch and Adjust the heating speed and stirring speed

4.3~4 c° before the mixture reaches to the aniline point, there should control the temperature raise slowly
and stir the mixture continuously, When the mixture appears transparent, turn down the heating keep
stirring to cool the mixture, cooling velocity should be less than 1C°/min

5.Turn the alarm switch on, adjust dimmer rotary knob let the alarm at the critical position between voiced
and voiceless, When the transparent solution of aniline sample becomes cloudy, the alarm will alert, record
the temperature as the test result of aniline point.
15 Micro Filter Analyzer

A micro filter analyzer for crude oil is a device used to measure

the size distribution of particles in crude oil.

 It works by passing a sample of crude oil through a series of

filters with different pore sizes, and then measuring the amount of
particles that are trapped on each filter.

This information can be used to determine the quality and purity

of the crude oil, as well as to identify any potential contaminants or
impurities.

Micro filter analyzers are commonly used in the oil and gas
industry to monitor the quality of crude oil during production and
transportation.
 Equipment
16 Ultra Fine Filter for Oil and Fuel ( made in Germany 2008)
Features
1, this filter the fuel 20 times higher than standard by a single pass
2, filtration up to 0.5x10-6 m (0.5 micro meter)
3, water absorbing
4, High flow
5, Long service life
6, Space saving
7, insert change
8, for use in pressure and vacuum
9, up to 10 bar pressure
10, Remove 98% bacteria in diesel (diesel fungus) in a single pass
 Models AL 50 MINI
17

50 Liter/hour
AL 150 150 liter/ hour
AL 100 100 Liter/ hour
ST 150 150 x 2 Liter/ hour
ST 300 300 x 2 liter/ hour
AL 600 600 liter/ hour
ST 600 600 x 2 liter/h
Cost 500$ - 500$
18 Combustion Analyzer

• Also called CHN analyzer measure the concentration of

elements, combustion efficiency, and ambient temperature in a
sample. Combustion analyze is used In labs that specialize
[food, agriculture, chemistry, manufacturing, environment,
biology ….

• CHN stands for Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen which are a

few elements commonly measured in this machine
19 Procedure of testing

• How combustion analyzer works?

CHN analyzer operate by combusting a sample in presence of

oxygen causing the individual elements to combine with oxygen and
form gaseous by-products and water vapor like (CO2), (NO), (H2O).

• Important factors when purchasing

1.Speed of analysis.

2.Operation software.

3. Whether organic or inorganic sample will be measured.

Cost: $1300
20 Sulfur and Sulfide Analyzer

• Features
• Maximum Sensitivity
The thin window designed with x-ray a have the maximum
sensitivity.
• Self –contained system
A built- computer running Microsoft office 10 with
a powerful CPU 120GB hard drive can store and handle the
thousands of result
It has powerful software epsilon bench top software.
• Easy Communication
It can be connected with USB and network ASP - 250
for standard computers.
• Cost
The machine depends on the company that buy of it Alibaba
company seal this machine for $3600.
21 Procedure of testing

How ASP - 250 works?

22 Specification of ASP - 250
23

NO EQUIPMENT MODEL PRICE

1 Flash point D-93 700$-2200$

2 Distillation Equ PMD-110 1500$-2000$

3 Viscometer IVDV-2 920$-1120$

4 Rheometer 4800$-$5300$

5 Aniline point analyzer HK-262 650$

6 Micro filter analyzer AL- 50 MINI 500$

7 Combustion analyzer SD-3 1200$-1300$

8 Sulfure/Sulfide analyzer ASP-250 3600$-4500$

9 pump 500$-750$
 Thank you for your attention
Kabul University
Faculty of Engineering

Energy Department
2023