PANIPAT INSTITUE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(PERSONALITY AND PERSONALITY ATTRIBUTES)

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Ms. Sonu Kumari Tanuj-220289
Assistant Professor Muskan-220278
Department of Management Studies Rashi -220251
 PERSONALITY
is a way of describing

YOUR UNIQUE TRAITS

how you THINK

what you VALUE

how you like to LIVE

 Meaning of Personality
• Personality is a stable pattern of behavior that determines the individual’s
uniqueness.

• Personality is a brand image of individual’s personal aspects like character,

behavioral traits and attitude.

DEFINITION

Stephen p. Robbins has defined

Personality as the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts
with others.
Characteristics of Personality
• Personality refers to both physical and psychological qualities of an individual.
• It is unique in the sense that no two individuals are same in terms of their
personality.
• Personality is the manner of adjustment of individual to the organization,
environment and the group.
• Personality is dynamic. It changes with the time and situation.
• Personality is a system. It has input, processing and output mechanisms.
• Strong personalities will dominate in a weak situation.
• A strong situation can overwhelm the effects of individual personalities by
providing strong cues for appropriate behavior.
DETERMINANTS OF PERONALITY
• An element that identifies or determines the nature of something

BIOLOGI
CAL
FACTORS

FAMILY INDIVID SITUATIO

AND UAL NAL
GROUP FACTORS FACTORS
FACTORS

CULTUR
AL
FACTORS
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
• Heredity
o The passing of a physical and mental characteristics genetically from one generation
to another.
o Hair color, face, eyes, etc.
• Brain
Brain is one of the most important factors of personality determinant.
The structure of human brain can be divided into two parts:
o Divided into left and right hemisphere.
o Depending upon the structure of the brain and individual’s personality develops.
• Physical
It is believed that this factor play an vital role in determining one’s behavior in any
organization
It may involve:
o Height of a person, weight, strength, etc.
Family and Social Factor
It also plays a vital role in determining one’s personality. These things that revolve
and evolve around as on as religion basis determine our personality.
• Home Environment: Friendly, Loving, Fear, Joint/Nuclear, etc.
• Family Members: Mother, Father, Siblings, Grand parents, etc.
• Social Groups: Friends, Relatives, Peers, etc.

Cultural and Religions Factors

The cultural in which one lives in that may involve traditional practices, norms,
customs, procedures, rules and regulation. All are very important determinants of
personality.
Underlying determinants of human decision making. The ideas social behavior of a
particular people or society.
Situational Factors
Employee working with the power and freedom may become frustrated and react
aggressively if he put in a bureaucratized work situation.
Although these factors do not literally create and shape up an individual’s
personality. Situational factors do after a person’s behavior and response from
time to time.
Personality Theories
• Trait Theory
Understand individuals by breaking down behavior patterns into observable traits attempt to learn what
traits make up personality and how they relate to actual behavior.
• Psychodynamic Theory
Emphasizes the unconscious determinants of behavior focus on the inner workings of personality,
especially internal conflicts and struggles
• Humanistic Theory
Emphasizes individual growth and improvement focus on private, subjective and personal growth
• Social-Cognitive Theories
Attribute difference in personality to socialization, expectation and mental processes.
• Integrative Approach
Describes personality as a composite of an individual’s psychological processes
• Carl Jung
• Eysenck three factor theory
Introversion versus Extroversion, Emotionally stable versus unstable(neurotic), impulse control versus
psychotic
• Cattel
Big five: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeable, Neuroticism
Methods Of Measuring
I. Projective Test Method
II. Personality Inventories
III. Interview Method
IV. Case-history Method
V. Observation Method
VI. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBIT)

Projective Test Method

It consist of different procedures that claim to disclose the basic (underlying,
hidden) personality structure and motivation of a subject by having him
organize, respond to, or deal with materials stimuli in a free, unlimited way
without reference to a preconceived system of correct or incorrect answers.
Personality Inventories
Personality inventories are used as measurement techniques they take both external
features and internal features of the individuals. While external features can be
measured by observations, for measuring internal features, various questionaries
and other techniques are used.

Interview Method
Interview is a formal in-depth conversation conducted to evaluate the personality
characteristics of persons. There are two types of interview for measuring
personality-exhaustive and stress. It is as better method of measuring personality
as it opportunity for face to face interaction between personality assessor and the
individual whose personality is being assessed.
Case-History Method
In the case-history method, the personality appraiser appraises the personality
characteristics of an individual based on the information collected from different
sources. These sources include individual’s personal letter, diaries, other
documents, his family members and relatives, friendship and work groups,
institutions etc. The information so collected is analyzed and the personality of the
individual is assessed.

Observation Method
In this method the personality characteristics of an individual are assesses by
observing his behavior in different situations the bass idea behind this method is
that the behavioral pattern of any person reflects his personality and the
assessment of this overt behavioral pattern 1will provide clue about his
personality.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI) is the most widely used personality assessment
instrument in the world. A personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies
people into 1 to 16 personality types.
These terms are defined as follows:
Extraverted (E) versus Introverted (I)
Extraverted individuals are outgoing, sociable and assertive.
Introverted are quite and shy.
Sensing (S) versus Intuitive (N)
Sensing types are practical and prefer routine and order. The focus on details. Intuitive rely
on unconscious processes and look at the “big picture”
Thinking(T) versus Feeling(F)
Thinking types use reason and logic to handle problems. Feeling types rely on their
personal values and emotions.
Judging(J) versus Perceiving(p)
Judging types want control and prefer their world to be ordered and structured. Perceiving
types as flexible and spontaneous.
 PERSONALITY OF ATTRIBUTES( TRAITS)
From organisational behaviour point of view, following classification of personality
traits (attributes) is relevant:-
The Big five ocean model of personality

 
The Five Dimensions of Personality are:
• Openness to experience
• Conscientiousness
• Extraversion
• Agreeableness
• Neuroticism
The following are the Big factors:
OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE
The openness to experience dimension addresses range of interests and fascination
with novelty. Extremely open people are creative, curious, and artistically
sensitive. Those at the other end of the openness category are conventional and
find comfort in the familiar
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
The Conscientiousness dimension is a measure of reliability. A highly
conscientious person is responsible, organized, dependable, and persistent.
Those who score low on this dimension are easily distracted, disorganized, and
unreliable.

EXTRAVERSION
The Extraversion dimension captures our comfort level with relationships.
Extroverts draw energy from or recharge by interacting with others. Extraverts
tend to be assertive, and sociable.
Introverts, on the other hand, conserve their energy, and do not work as hard to
earn these social rewards. Introverts tend to be reserved, timid, and quiet.
AGREEABLENESS
The agreeableness dimension refers to an individual’s propensity to defer to others.
Highly agreeable people are cooperative, warm, and trusting. People who score low
on agreeableness are cold, and disagreeable. People who are low in agreeableness
tend to experience less empathy and put their own concerns ahead of others.

NEUROTICISM
The Neuroticism also known as emotional stability. People with positive emotional
stability tend to be clam, self-confidence, and secure. Those with high negative
scores tend to be nervous, anxious, depressed, and insecure. Low Neuroticism scorers
are more likely to brush off their misfortune and move on.
OTHER PERSONALITY TRAITS( ATTRIBUTES)
Although the Big Five traits (attributes) have proven highly relevant OB, they
don’t exhaust the range of traits that can describe someone’s personality.
Now we’ll look at other, more specific, attributes that are powerful predicators of
behaviour in organizations.
Other Personality Traits (Attributes)
 Self-Monitoring
 Self Esteem
 Need Pattern
 Locus of Control
 Authoritarianism
 Machiavellianism
 Introversion & Extraversion
 Bureaucratic Personality
 Risk Taking
 Type A & Type B
Self- Monitoring
Self- monitoring refers to the degree to which people control the manner in which
they display themselves in front of other people . These people control their
behaviour and follow the norms that are socially acceptable and suitable.

Self Esteem
People tend to feel proud about their competence and at times about themselves.
The one with high self esteem feel that they are competent and commendable
enough to handle any kind of situation.
Need Pattern
There are several people who have immense desire to stand out by performing
difficult jobs and meet their own standard of perfection.

Locus of Control
It was derived from rotter’s social learning theory. As per this theory locus of
control is common anticipation based on association between individual’s
character, his deeds and the result achieved.

Authoritarianism
The main idea here is that within an organisation, there exist difference in power
and status among employees. A person who has an authorities personality believes
in enforcement and obedience of authority.
Machiavellianism
This defines the extent of practicality possessed by a person. Such people are
emotionally isolated and down to earth. People with a strong Machiavellianism
and successful.

Introversion & Extraversion

These two expressions describe a person’s socialising abilities. Extroverts are
expressive and friendly, whereas introverts are hesitant, silent and reserved.

Bureaucratic Personality
According to Merton, bureaucratic personality is the outcome of bureaucratic
characteristics in a person, such as impersonal attitude etc. In some cases such
characteristics increase the extent of rudeness.
Risk Taking
Certain people have the tendency to take risks while the other tend to avoid
managers with high risk-taking tendencies take faster decision with less
information.

Type A & Type B

Type A: - People with Type A personality appear to be ones with a lot of hurry
and eager. Such people give priority to money people with Type A personality
give move importance to their work as compared to their relationships.
Type B: - People with Type B personality is totally opposite to Type A
personality. They are siled tolerant, relaxed and believe in doing things at their
own pace
 
QUIZ TIME
Thank YOU