AEE 302

SYSTEM SIMULATION AND AGRO-ADVISORY

L:2 T:0 P:2 Credits: 3

By

AJIT KUMAR GHOSLYA

 Experiment No.-1

To visit Agro-meteorological observatory

 Aim: To visit Agro-meteorological observatory

Learning outcome: Enhance the understanding of undergraduate students

regarding measurement of weather elements, their interpretation and role in crop
production. Students will also learn different type of techniques, sensors, skills,
recorders, instruments etc. by standard methods at hours recommended by IMD
and WMO.
 Theory/Principles/Background of the topic:

An observatory is a specially designed station or place where the regular

and simultaneous records of the weather data are made by physical
measurements using various techniques, sensors, skills, recorders,
instruments etc. by standard methods at hours recommended by IMD and
WMO. IMD was established during 1875 with its central office at
Pune which takes up this responsibility.

Country is divided into 35 meteorological sub-divisions.

To facilitate the collection of data at one point, five regional centers
were established, which are located in five different places, for
which the headquarters are mentioned against each as detailed below.

North zone — Delhi

East zone — Calcutta
South zone — Chennai
West zone — Bombay

Central zone — Nagpur

Weather affects agriculture at every stage; therefore, knowledge
of crop weather relationship helps in optimizing the agricultural
operations. Since meteorology and climatology are primarily
observational science, adequate care has to be taken for getting
most representative and accurate observations of weather
parameters for their worthwhile application in weather and
climate prediction.
Agro meteorological observatories

Agrometeorological observatories are those stations at which physical elements

of climate and biological, agricultural elements, generally of phonological nature or
both related to agriculture are observed to explore crop environment relationship.
World Meteorological Organization (WMD) has divided agro-met observatories into
four categories-Principal, Ordinary, Auxiliary and Specific purpose agro-met
observatories.
 Ancient Method of weather
observation

Until the 18th century, people used sensory observations to

measure the weather data
 Wind direction through the movement of leaves
 Time of rain through the number of clouds in the sky
Weather instruments :
 Thermometer
 Hygrometer
 Barometer
 Rain gauge
 Anemometer
 Wind vane
 Sunshine recorder
 Human eye
 Thermometer working principle:

• Made up of Mercury and Alcohol

• Alcohol expand with increasing temp.

• Alcohol contract with falling temp.

• Metal indices shows the max. & min. temp

Barometer measures..?
(a). Wind pressure.
(b). Air flow.
(c). Rainfall.
(d). Atmospheric pressure
 Outline of the Procedure:
Things to be observed in lab are
a) Pan Evaporimeter: To measure the evaporation in mm or cm/day.
b)Barometer : It indicates the pressure of atmosphere with respect of time
c) Thermometer : it indicates the air temperature (maximum and minimum
temperature)
d)Wind vane: To know the direction from which wind is blowing
e) Sunshine recorder: To measure the bright sunshine hours/length of the day
f) Rain gauge: To measure rainfall received in a day
g) Anemometer: To measure speed of wind
The Indian Meteorological Organization is situated in..?
(a). Mumbai.
(b). Delhi.
(c). Kolkata.
(d). Pune.