AYUSH

specific learning objectives

at the end of the class the learner should be able to-
• explain Ayurvada system of medicine
• explain Siddha system of medicine
• explain Unani system of medicine
• explain Homeopathy
 INTRODUCTION

AYUSH means "Life" Ayushmaan bhava is a common way to

bless in Indian culture where the seeker is blessed with long life.
Hence the name AYUSH would mean "life".
Department of Indian Systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy
(ISM&H) was established in 1995 and renamed as Department of
Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Siddha, Unani and Homoeopathy
(AYUSH) in November, 2003.
 DEFINITION

 AYUSH is an acronym that is used to refer to The Department of

Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha &

Homoeopathy.
 AYURVADA SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

 Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine practiced in India.

its documentation dates back to Veda period.
 (5000 BC) the word Ayurveda (Ayur + Veda ) implies the
science of life.
 The origin is linked with the origin of universe and it is
develop from the hymen from Atharvaveda ( one of the 4
Veda).
 Describing fundamental \ philosophies about the world life,
disease and medicine .
 Around 1000 BC the comphrensive documentation of the
knowledge of ayurveda was done by Charak in Charak
Samhita and by sushtra in sushtra samhita.
 The charkas samhita is the treastise on medicine where as
sushtra samhita is the treatise in surgery .
 THEORETICAL BASIS

 The ayurveda takes holistic view of health comprising of 4

integrated namely physical, mental , social, and spiritual ,
affecting one another .
 health is considered as prerequisite for achieving the goal of
life for Dharma's , Artha , Kama, and Moksha.
 The body of knowledge of ayurveda is derived from darshanas
(sciences ) which include physical, biological , & spiritual
sciences.
 The practice of ayurveda is based on the theory of panch
mahabhutas ( 5 elements ).
 These 5 elements are represented in combination in the form of
Tridosha e.g. Vata (Ether and air ) , Pitta, (Fire ) and Kaph(water
and earth ) .
 These are physiological entities in living beings.
 In addition to three doshas, ayurveda considers human beings as a
combination of seven body tissues (sapta dhatu), five senses
( panch indriyas) performing sensory and motor function,
intellect (buddhi ) mind and soul atman.
 The doctrine of Ayurveda aims to keep these
structural and functional entities in a functional
state of equilibrium which signifies good health.
 ( Swasth ) any disturbance due to any factor from
within or outside cause disease.
 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

 The treatment in ayurveda is individualized .

 It requires not only diagnosis of disease to prescribe medicine
but also study of various factor such as age and sex ,
temperament ( Prakriti) , sleep , rest and work pattern , diet
metabolic fire (Agni).
 Treatment include preventive and curative
measures.
 Preventive measures (Swasthvritt) include
personal hygiene regular daily rutine ,
appropriate use of rasayana sevana i.e.
rejuvenating materials foods and rasayanas
drugs , appropriate social behaviours .
 The curative measures including Aushadhi i.e. drugs,
Anna i.e. diets, and Vihara i.e.exercisees and genral
mode of life.
 Diagnosis in ayurveda system is done on the basis of
history taking and examination of pulse , urine ,
faeces, tongue, eyes, etc.
 SPECILITIES

 Ayuverda develops into 8 branches of specialties

during charak and sushruta period (1000BC) these are
 Kaya chikitsa(internal medicine)
 Kaumar bhartya(pediatrics)
 Graham chikitsa(psychiatry)
 Shalkya(eye & ENT)
 Shalya tantra (surgery)
 Visha tantra (toxicology)
 Rasayana (geriatrics)
 Vagikarana (science of virility)
 Because of its eights specialties areas ayurveda is
called as Ashtangayurveda.
 during last 50 years it has now develops 16
specialties branches and these are .
 Ayurveda Sidhantha (Fundamentals of Ayurveda)
 Ayurveda samhita
 Rachna sharira(Anatomy)
 Krya shariria (Physiology)
 Dravya guna vigian (Meteria medica and pharmacology)
 Ras – shastra
 Bhaishajya kalpana (pharmacocuticals )
 Kumar bharitya (peadiatric)
 Prasuti tantra (obstrtatic and gyanocoligist)
 Swasth vritta (social and preventive medicine)
 Kaya chiktsa(internal medicine )
 Rog nidan (pathology )
 Shalya tantra (surgery )
 Shalkya tantra ( Eye ENT)
 Mano roga (pshychatry)
 Panchkarma
 EDUCATION AND RESEARCH WORK
 A well planed curriculum in ayurvedic medicine
including theory and practical’s of sufficient duration
is necessary to prepare a medical practitioners in
ayurvedic system .
 A 5 year degree programme is planned , organized and
administered with an additional six month of
compulsory internship .
 Thereafter a degree of BAMS is conferred to the
candidates .
 There are 122 under graduates colleges in India with
an admission capacity of 3882 affiliated to different
universities in the country.
 there are 24 post graduates institution with a capacity
of 225 offering a course of three years (MD.AY) in
various specialized branches.
 The The uniformity and standard of undergraduate and post
graduate education are maintained the central council of
Indian medicine .
 CCIM was established in 1971 under the Indian medicine
central council act1970 by the central government .
 The institute also conduct in-service education and undertake
research project.
 PRACTICE AND DRUG STANDREDS
 Ayurveda is more popular in the state of Kerala , Himachal
Pradesh , Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan,
Utter Pradesh ,and Orissa.
 It is practice in the private sector and government sector.
 It mainly deals with problem related to nervous
system ,respiratory system ,gastrointestinal
track ,Intugumentry system, Musculoskeletal system.
 The ayurveda drugs are available in as a raw drug and
manufactured drugs.
 Standardization and quality control of drug are important and
mandatory under the drugs and cosmetic act 1940 and rules
there under.
 Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia Committee has been set up to
evolve uniform standard in preparation of drugs.
 SIDDHA SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

 THE ORIGIN AND NATURE

 Siddha is one of the oldest system of medicine in India .
 the term implies achievement it was practiced by “Sidharas”
who aimed to maintained perfect health in order to achieve
Siddhi or heavenly bless.
 Siddharas were saintly figures who achieved results in
medicine through the practice of yoga.
 Siddha system believed to have evolved in Tamilnadu,
although siddha medical literature talks of the “Siddhas of
 BASIC PHILOSOPHY
 The basic philosophy of siddha is that there is an
intimate link between man and environment.
 It believes that all object in the universe including
human body are composed of five element earth ,water ,
fire , air , and space or ether .
 the food we eat and drugs which are in use are also
made up of these elements.

 
 DIAGNOSIS & TREATMRNT METHOD
 The diagnosis of disease involves identifying its causes.
 Causative factor are identified by examination of pulse , eyes,
color of body ,tongue , status of digestive system , urine and
study of voice.
 The treatment in siddha system is not only oriented to disease
but also it takes into account patient as a whole.
 Age, sex, race, habits, mental frame, diet appetite, physical
conditions, physiological constitution, his habitat,
environmental conditions.
 The treatment is individualized according to diagnosis in
totality.
 Siddha medicine makes use of mercury, silver, arsenic, lead,
sulpher etc.
 Siddha system is effective in treating chronic cases of
rheumatic problems, anemia, peptic ulcer , bleeding
piles ,liver & skin disease.
 The principal and philosophies of siddha system both
fundamental and applied are similar to ayurveda.
 Siddha system is largely therapeutic in nature.
 EDUCATION AND RESEARCH WORK

 The undergraduate programme is for 5 ½ years and post graduate

programme is for 3 years of duration.
 The standard is maintained by central council of India.
 Medicine constituted under the Indian medicine central council act
1970.
 It will also contribute in standardizing the clinical care,
education and research in Siddha medicine.
 The research in siddha is done by the central council for
research in Ayurveda and Siddha set up in 1970.
 It has 90 research centre across the country .
 UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
 THE ORIGINE AND NATURE
 The united system of medicine has its origin in Greece before Christ
under the patronage of Hippocrates and Galen .
 It was introduced in India around the eleventh century by the Arabs
and Persians.
 Although this system has originated in Greece but it has been taken to
various country such as Arabia , Iran , china , and India .
 this therapy has no side effect .it make use of naturally occurring ,
mostly herbal medicine though it uses ingredients of animal ,marine
origin.
 THEROTICAL BASIS
 The Unani system of medicine is not only therapeutic in
nature but also deals with health promotion and prevention of
disease.
 It treat disease and provide remedies in a systemic manner.
 The system is based on four humor theory of hippo
creates ,i.e. blood , phlegm, yellow, bile and black bile.
 The humors assigned temperature i.e. blood is hot and
moist ,phlegm is cold and moist , yellow bile is hot and dry ,
black bile is cold and dry .
 the temperature of a person is accordingly expressed as
sangunic ,philegmatic , cholic and melancholic.
 Any change or disturbances in humor bring about changes in
temperament of a person affecting his health status .as long as
the four humors are in balance the individuals remain healthy .
 Any imbalance in humors result in disease causation.
 Thus the pathology , diagnosis and treatment is based on this
theory.
 DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT METHODS
 The diagnosis of a disease is done by felling pulse, observation
of urine , stool , color of skin and gait etc.
 The treatment comprises of three components namely
preventive , promotive , and curative.
 It seek the restoration of the body as a whole to its original
state .
 Treatment is carried out in four form i.e. pharmaco therapy ,
dieto therapy regimental therapy and surgery.
 Pharmaco therapy makes use of natural drugs mainly
herbal but also include animal, mineral and marine
drugs.
 The drugs are used singly or in the form of infusion
powder syrups and aqua's.
 Regimental therapy is specialty of Unani system of
medicine.
 It has 12 methods for specific and complicated disease and
include method like cupping , leeching ,venesection, sweating
and hamam(bath) etc .
 these are drug less therapies and are found to be effective in
treating diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, arthritis and
migraine.
 Services are rendered by private practitioners in clinics and
hospitals run by the government and non government
organization.
 EDUCATION AND RESEARCH WORK
 during the last 50 years of teaching and training in Unani
system of medicine (USM) it has now established eight post
graduate departments. These are.
 Kulliyat ( fundamentals)
 Llmul adviya (pharmacology)
 Amraze niswan(gynecology)
 Amraza atfal (pediatrics)
 Tahafuzziwa samaji tib ( social & preventive
medicine)
 Moalejat(medicine )

 Munafeul aaza (physiology)

 Jarhiyat (surgery)
 There are several colleges which have been set up by the
government and non government organization to impart
education and training to prepare doctors.
 The training is of 5 ½ years for graduate and 3 years for PG
students .
 The degree is known as bachelor of medicine and surgery
(BUMS)
 The curriculum is prescribed and standard are maintained by
the central council of India medicine mentioned earlier.
 PHARMACOPOEIA COMMITTEE

 The Unani pharmacopoeia committee is constituted since 1964

to establish standard of single and compound formulation with
the help of research institute / laboratories including
universities .
 financial assistance is given by the government of India.
 HOMEOPATHY SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

 THE ORIGINE AND NATURE

 Homeopathy has been in practice for 170 years by thousand of
practioners and there are over 100 homeopathy journals world
wide.
 Homeopathy is based on the theory of “similia similibus
curentis”or let like be treated by like which means that any
substance capable of producing artificial symptoms on healthy
individuals can cure the same symptoms in in a natural disease.
 BASIC LAWS, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
METHODS
 The law of direction of cure : the direction of cure state that
during curative process the symptoms disappear in the reverse
order of its appearance from above downwards ,from more
important organs.
 The law of single remedy : homeopathy generally uses
only a single medicine which has a true similarity of
symptoms with that of the remedy.
 this process of selecting the correct remedy is done on
the basis of individualization.
 the intensive process of individualization distinguishes this
system from other system in its approach to the holistic
concepts in therapeutics.
 The physician adopts a detailed case study by exploring the
physical, psychical, biomedical constitutions of the individuals.
 The law of minimum doses:- the doses applied are the
minimum possible, just sufficient to correct the diseased state.
 The theory of chronic disease:- It states that most of the
disease are due to three chronic latent affinities known as
psora, syphilis and sycosis
 In the human being which normally remain the dormant but
express there presence when conducive environment for
disease such as irregular living, constant exposure to unhealthy
situations, emotional stress, atmospheric influences etc.
 Homeopathy attaches significance to the nomenclature of
disease to the extent of choosing the auxiliary mode of
treatments, prevention, and clinical management, prognosis etc.
not in selection of the remedy.
 The concept is that physical, mental and spiritual expression of
the sick form the totality of disease.
 The services are rended by private practitioners and practitioners
working in government and nongovernment dispensaries, out
patients departments of hospitals, clinic etc.
  EDUCATION & RESEARCH WORKS
 There are more than homeopathy medical colleges all over the
country which run undergraduates program in homeopathy.
 The minimum curriculum standards are prescribed by the
central council of homeopathaty constituted by central
government under the homeopathy central council act 1973.
 Some of the colleges have MD Programme in homeopathy the
duration of these courses is similar to the Indian system of
medicine.
 The national institute of homeopathy was established In
Kolkata as model institute by the Govt. Of India, the ministry
health and family welfare.
 The main purpose of the institute was to promote growth and
development of homeopathy through educations, research,
services to humanity, the consultation services to other
education, services and research institute in homeopathy in

the country.
 The institute also conduct clinical research.
 The clinical research is continuing on thyroid disorders,
cataract, chronic tonsillitis, diabetes mellitus,etc.
 Medicinal herb garden is developed and maintained by NIH
for use in education and research works.
 The students after qualifying from the recognized colleges and
university attain the degree BHMS and get registered in the
register maintend by central council of health.
 PHARMACOPOEIA

 Homeopathy pharmacopoeia laboratory has been

setup at the national level at Ghaziabad for the
purpose of laying down standards and testing for
identity ,purity and quality of homeopathy medicine.
 It is recognized by as a scientific and technological
institution by the department of science and
technology.

 
 REFERENCES
 Park k preventive and social medicine, 19th edition, Banarasidas
publishers Jabalpur
 Basvanthappa B.T. Textbook of community health nursing, 7th
edition, Jaypee brothers, New Delhi
 Gulani k community health nursing, 1st edition, kumar
publishing services New Delhi
 Kamalan, Essentials of community health nursing, 1st edition,
Jaypee brothers New Delhi.