WELCOME

ENVIRONMENT PROBLEMS,
POLICIES and PROTECTION OF
ENVIRONMENT
■ Due to growing power needs and power cut will be imposes for long
hours in a day, the functioning of the day.
■ Various kinds of diseases will spread fast on global level.
■ Due to sea-erosion, land area will shrink.
■ As desertification spreads, Soil fertility is adversely affected leading
to drought in many parts of the world.
■ As agriculture gets crippled, food shortage will be found globaly.
Green House Effect: -

■ The atmosphere on the earth has been divided into many layers based on the
height and temperature.
■ Among these the ‘Troposphere’ at top are the most significant ones.
■ In the equatorial region troposphere extends upto 17K.M. in height from earth
surface and in polar regions it is upto 8K M.
■ Greenhouse effect is an analogy to the heat-trapping process caused by the
atmosphere, 20 to 50km. Above the earth’s surface.
■ The greenhouse, the visible light of light frequency from the sun, passes
through the glass walls and roof and warms up the soil.
■ The warm soil radiates the heat energy in the form of low frequency infra-red
rays(IR).
■ The IR rays thus trapped inside, warm up the air inside the
glasshouse. This “heat trapping” process is called 'Greenhouse
Effect ‘.
■ IR rays are reflected back to the earth’s surface, due to which the
temperature of the earth’s atmosphere steadily rises up, which is
known as 'Global Warming’.
CLIMATE CHANGE:-

■ The weather of a place goes on changing depending upon the pattern of wind flow, humidity
in air, amount of rainfall and prevailing temperature.
■ The global climate has changed a lot in the last fifty years or so, as contended by “ Inter-
governmental Panel on Climate Change”(2003).
■ The principal reason for climate change is the excessive use of fossil fuels such as coal and
petroleum.
■ Due to increasing use of fossil fuels, the level of CO2 in the atmosphere has gone up by 30%
in the last 50years. This has resulted in increasing the global temperature between 10 ⁰F to
20⁰F.
■ The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 1,60,000 deaths, since 1950 are
directly attributed to climate change.
■ Global Humanitarian Forum estimated more than 3,00,000 deaths and about $125
billion in economics losses each year, and indicated that most Climate change induced
mortality is due to worsening flood, and droughts in developing countries.
OZONE LAYER DEPLETION :-
■ The thinning of the ozone layer present in the upper atmosphere is called Ozone Layer Depletion.
■ Stratosphere height is 72 km from the surface of the earth.
■ It is a very thin protection layer in the atmosphere.
■ It absorbs most of the Ultra Violet Rays, which means UV.
■ UV rays influence the body in many ways.
■ It also causes ageing of the skin and skin cancer.
■ UV rays may also increase the disease like chickenpox and other viral disease, it affecting the skin
by inducing rash, bacterial infections like tuberculosis and fungal infections.
■ In between 1977 and 1984 more than to per cent of the ozone layer decreased, it was found tha the
ozone hole.
CAUSES OF OZONE DEPLETION:-

■ The main causes of the ozone layer is Chlorofloro Carbon which means CFC .
■ Refrigerator,Air conditioner are released this CFC.
■ CFC is first introduced in1930 it was called a miracle gas.
■ The Chlorine atom in the CFC disturbs the equilibrium in formative and destruction of
Ozone.
■ One CFC molecule can destroy 1,00,000 molecules of Ozone.
■ The CFC released into the atmosphere finds in ways of stratosphere and the remains
there.
■ When the Chlorine atom in the CFC collides with an ozone molecule, it splits up the
ozone molecule into oxygen, forming chlorine monoxide (Clo).
■ When this chlorine monoxide radical collides with an oxygen atom, if forms an oxygen
molecule and a free Chlorine is given out.
■ It is estimated that 100 grammes of CFC can destroy about 3.5 tonnes of Ozone,
appropriate annual release of CFC is 1.1 million tonnes
MEASURES TO CONTROL IMPACT
ON ATMOSPHERE:-
1. Controlling the level of CO2 in the atmosphere by raising large numbers of trees
possible, apart from curtailing deforestation.
2. Drastically cut the use of fossil fuels in our day to day life.
3. Using bio- insecticide instead of synthetic pesticides.
4. Developing new technologies, replacing the ones which use chloro-fluro-Carbon(CFC)
as the refrigent, causing heavy damage to the Ozone Layer.
5. Developing technologies to recycle waste water from industries that could be used to
raise plants and trees.
ACID RAIN:-

■ Acid rain generally known by the term 'Acid recipient ‘, reaches the earth in the form of
acid snow, acid sleet, acid fog, acid frost, acid dew as well as acid rain