FOU ND A T I ON C O U R S E

NCE AT T HE REA L INDIA

STEALING A GLA
LET THEM NOT FOOL YOU!

THERE IS NO SUCH THING CALLED AS THE ‘INDIAN CULTURE’

WHAT WE ALWAYS FORGET

WE HAVE ‘INDIAN CULTURES’

COURSE OBJECTIVE
• INTRODUCE STUDENTS TO THE OVERVIEW OF INDIAN SOCIETY

• UNDERSTAND THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

• ACQUAINT STUDENTS TO THE SOCIO-POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INDIA

SYLLABUS - UNCOVER

• OVERVIEW OF INDIAN SOCIETY

• CONCEPT OF DISPARITY
• THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION
• SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS OF POLITICAL PROCESSES
• WHAT IS CULTURE?
• THE IDEAS, CUSTOMS, AND SOCIAL BEHAVIORS OF A PARTICULAR PEOPLE OR
SOCIETY.
CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIAN SOCIETY

• RACE
• RELIGION
• LANGUAGE
• CASTE SYSTEM
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INDIAN CULTURE(S) AND
WESTERN CULTURES
• ATTIRE
• WAY OF GREETING
• LANGUAGE
• FESTIVALS
• RELIGION
• DANCE AND MUSIC
INTANGIBLE DIFFERENCES
• INTERACTION
• RELATIONSHIPS
• TIME
• SPACE
• POWER DISTANCE
• COLLECTIVISIM VS INDIVIDUALISM
• RESTRAINT VS INDULGENCE
• UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE
CONCENTRIC CIRCLES:
VALUES AND BELIEFS

•RACE
•RELIGION
•OCCUPATION
•FAMILY
•TRAITS ACTIVITIES
•HEALTH
•SOCIO-ECONOMIC
URBAN CHARACTERISTICS
• SIZE
• DENSITY OF POPULATION
• FAMILY
• MARRIAGE
• OCCUPATION
• CLASS EXTREMES
• HETEROGENEITY
URBAN CHARACTERISTICS
• SOCIAL DISTANCE
• MOBILITY
• MATERIALISM
• INDIVIDUALISM
• RATIONALITY
RURAL CHARACTERISTICS
• SIZE
• RELATIONSHIPS
• OCCUPATION
• CONTACT WITH NATURE
• HOMOGENEITY
• SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
• SOCIAL INTERATCION
TRIBAL CHARACTERISTICS
• COMMON GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
• COMMON NAME
• COMMON LANGUAGE
• COMMON CULTURE
• SENSE OF UNITY
• MARRIAGE
• BLOOD RELATIONSHIP
• DEMOCRATIC VALUES
• POLITICAL AUTHORITY
CASTE SYSTEM
ILL EFFECTS OF CASTE SYSTEM
• HAMPERED THE CONCEPT OF NATIONAL UNITY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
• WORKS AGAINST THE CONCEPT OF DEMOCRACY
• SUPPRESSION
• UNDERMINED THE ABILITY AND ASPIRATIONS OF THE PEOPLE
• FALSE SENSE OF PRESTIGE
• INTRODUCTION OF UNTOUCHABILITY
• LOWER STATUS OF WOMEN
REGIONAL VARIATIONS IN INDIA
• NATURAL RESOURCES
• DIFFERENCES IN LITERACY RATE
• DEGREE OF URBANISATION
• SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRIES
• PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITY
• EMPLOYMENT PATTERN
• INTER-STATE DISPARITIES IN AGRICULTURE
• INDUSTRIALIZATION
• POPULATION BELOW POVERTY LINE
INEQUALITY
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
• IT IS UNIVERSAL
• IT IS SOCIAL
• IT IS ANCIENT
• IT IS IN DIVERSE FORMS
• IT IS CONSEQUENTIAL
• MOBILITY
TYPES OF STRATIFICATION
• SLAVERY
• ESTATE SYSTEMS
• CASTE SYSTEM
• CLASS SYSTEM
• CLASSLESS SOCIETIES
GENDER INEQUALITY
• STORY IN INDIA
• PATRIARCHY
• RELIGIOUS TEXTS
• POVERTY
• LACK OF EDUCATION
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR LOW SEX RATIO

• FEMALE INFANTICIDE
• FEMALE FOETICIDE
• UNSAFE MOTHERHOOD AND UNSAFE ABORTION
• DOWRY
• POVERTY
• SOCIAL STATUS OF WOMEN
• LACK OF EMPOWERMENT
• MALE DOMINATION
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

• CAUSES AND TYPES

PORTRAYAL OF WOMEN IN MEDIA
• HOMEMAKER
• RECEPTIVE TO PHYSICAL ASSAULT
• ADVERTISEMENTS
• OBJECTIFICATION
• PORTRAYED AS DYNAMIC
• CHANGE IN STEREOTYPES
DISABILITY AND THE CONCEPT OF INCLUSIVENESS

• ACCESSIBILITY
• EDUCATION
• ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE
• EMPLOYEMENT
• SOCIETAL ATTITUDE
CONCEPT OF DISPARITY -2

• INEQUALITIES OF CASTE SYSTEM

INEQUALITIES OF CASTE SYSTEM

• LACK OF OPPORTUNITIES
• THREAT TO PEACE AND STABILITY
• UNEQUAL ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
• LACK OF FREEDOM
• OPPOSES DEMOCRATIC SPIRIT
• LOWER STATUS TO WOMEN
• UNTOUCHABILITY
• FALSE PRESTIGE AMONG HIGHER CASTES
• HAMPERED NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
COMMUNALISM
• 1947 PARTITION
• ETHNIC CLEANSING OF KASHMIRI PANDITS – 89
• MUZZAFARNAGAR RIOTS - 2013
• GUJARAT RIOTS - 2002
• BOMBAY RIOTS 1992
CAUSES
• HISTORY
• VOTE BANK AND POLITICS
• FAILURE OF GOVERNMENT
• SOCIAL CAUSES AND CHAUVINISM
• MASS MEDIA
• GROWTH OF RADICAL FUNDAMENTALIST ORGANISATIONS
• POVERTY
REGIONALISM

• WHAT IS REGIONALISM?
CAUSES

• UNBALANCED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

• POLITICS
• FLAWED IDEA OF A NATIONAL LANGUAGE
• DESIRE FOR REGIONAL INDEPENDENCE
• NEGLIGENCE OF STATE GOVERNMENT
EFFECTS
• NARROW-MINDEDNESS
• SUPERIORITY COMPLEX
• AFFECTS NATIONAL INTEGRATION
• RESTRICTS FREE INTERACTION OF CULTURE
• DEMAND FOR RESERVATION AND SEPARATE STATE
LINGUISM

• INDIA HAS BEEN CALLED AS A MUSEUM OF LANGUAGES

CAUSES

• GEOGRAPHICAL CAUSES
• LOVE FOR LITERATURE
• HISTORICAL –POLITICAL - PSYCHOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
• RISE IN REGIONALISM
• FORMATION OF REGIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES
• HARASSMENT OF LINGUISTIC MINORITIES
• DEMAND FOR SEPARATE STATES
• EROSION OF NATIONAL FEELING
• INTER-STATE BORDER DISPUTE
INTRODUCTION TO THE CONSTITUTION
• THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA IS THE SUPREME LAW OF INDIA.
• IT LAYS DOWN THE FRAMEWORK DEFINING FUNDAMENTAL POLITICAL PRINCIPLES
• ESTABLISHES THE STRUCTURE, PROCEDURES, POWERS AND DUTIES OF GOVERNMENT
INSTITUTIONS AND SETS OUT FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS, DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES AND THE DUTIES
OF CITIZENS.
SALIENT FEATURES OF CONSTITUTION
• PREAMBLE- SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
• LONGEST WRITTEN CONSTITUTION
• PARTLY RIGID AND PARTLY FLEXIBLE
• A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
• PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT
• DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES
• FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS : I) RIGHT TO EQUALITY, (II) RIGHT TO FREEDOM, (III) RIGHT AGAINST
EXPLOITATION, (IV) RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION, V) CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS
AND VI) RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES. 

• SECULAR STATE
• AN INDEPENDENT JUDICIARY
• SINGLE CITIZENSHIP
POLITICAL PARTIES
PARTY SYSTEM IN INDIA

• MULTI-PARTY SYSTEM
• HISTORY OF PARTY SYSTEM
• NATIONAL PARTIES AND REGIONAL PARTIES
LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT IN URBAN AREAS

• ROLE OF MUNICIPAL BODIES

• FUNCTIONS:
• DELIBERATIVE AND EXECUTIVE
• OBLIGATORY AND DISCRETIONARY
 HEALTH
MEASURES

ELECTRICTY
BIRTHS AND
AND WATER
DEATHS
SUPPLY

OBLIGATORY
FUNCTIONS

PUBLIC PUBLIC
HOSPITALS STREETS

GARBAGE
DISPOSAL
 REMOVAL OF
DANGEROUS
BUILDINGS

CONSTRUCTION
PUBLIC OF PARKS ,
ENTERTAINMENT MUSEUMS,
ORPHANGES ETC

DISCRETIONARY
FUNCTIONS

BUILDING
CONDUCTING HOUSES FOR
SURVEYS LOW INCOME
GROUPS

TRANSPORT
FACILITIES
THE PANCHAYTI RAJ SYSTEM
SALIENT FEATURES OF 73RD AMENDMENT
• GRAM SABHA
• THREE-TIER SYSTEM
• ELECTION OF MEMBERS AND CHAIRPERSON
• RESERVATION OF SEATS
• DURATION OF PANCHAYAT
• POWERS AND FUNCTIONS
• BAR TO INTERFERENCE BY COURTS