Weathering and Soil Formation

Prelim coverage
Part 2
Petrology – the study of rocks.
Greek : petros = stone or rock

General Classification of Rocks

Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
 Igneous rocks
- are original rocks formed from the
solidification of molten magma at
temperatures of 900-1600 degrees celcius,
within or outside the earth’s crust.
Two kinds of Igneous rocks:
Intrusive igneous rocks
Extrusive igneous rocks
 Sedimentary rocks
- are those formed from other existing
rocks through fragmentation, transport (by
water) and recementation.
- formed through weathering process
 Metamorphic rocks
- are those formed from other existing
rocks through the process of remelting and
recrystallization under very high temperature
and pressure.
95% - Igneous rocks(or their metamorphically
transformed equivqlents)
5% - sedimentary rocks
• 4% shale
• 0.75% sandstone
• 0.25% limetsone
The dominant soil-forming in the Philippines
 basalts
 andesites
Some soils derived from
 Gabbro
 Diorite
 Limestone
 Shale
 sansdtone
Many soils of Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and parts
of Quezon are from volcanic tuff.

Some of the soils in the Philippines derived from

basalt and/or andesite are the soil series of:
– Adtuyon
– Antipolo
– Guimbalaon
– Jasaan s
Example of soils derived from shale/sandstone
are :
 Alaminos soil
 Bantay soil
 Bauang soil
 Lugo soil
 Ubay soil
Some limestone-derrived soils are :
– Faraon soil
– Bolinao soil
– Binangonan soil
– Alimodian soil
Reference :
Primer on Soil Science