MORAL PROBLEMS

and
THE VALUE OF STUDYING ETHICAL
THEORIES OR FRAMEWORKS
OBJECTIVES:

• Define what is Moral Problem or Moral

Dilemmas
• Discuss different types and example of Moral
Problem
• Discuss the value of ethical theories and
frameworks
MORAL PROBLEM
What is Moral Problem?
The point is a moral (ethical) dilemma involves making a choice
between two or more moral (ethical) values and in making a decision
or in taking action you will compromise or violate some other moral
(ethical) principle(s) or value(s). A moral (ethical) dilemma is a
situation that involves a choice, decision, act/action, solution that may
include an unpleasant problem or situation where you feel you simply
do not know what to do or which way to turn.
A moral dilemma is a situation in which a
person is torn between right and wrong and
looks at the very core of a person's
principles and values. The choice the
person makes may leave them feeling
burdened, guilty, relieved, or questioning
their values. A moral dilemma often forces
the individual to decide which option he or
she can live with, but any outcomes are
extremely unpleasant no matter what.
Types of Moral Problem/ Dilemmas
Epistemic moral dilemmas Ontological moral dilemmas

• Involve situations wherein two or • On the other hand, involve

more moral requirements conflict
situations wherein two or
with each other and that the
more moral requirements
moral agent hardly knows which
of the conflicting moral conflict with each other, yet
requirements takes precedence neither of these conflicting
over the other. In other words, the moral requirements overrides
moral agent here does not know each other.
which option is morally right or
wrong.
Self-imposed moral dilemma
• Is caused by the Moral agent’s wrongdoings.

World-imposed moral dilemma

• On the other hand, means that certain events in the world place
the agent in a situation of moral conflict.

Obligation dilemmas
• Are situations in which more than one feasible action is
obligatory.
Prohibition dilemmas
• Involve cases in which all feasible actions are forbidden.

Single agent dilemma

• Other words, the moral agent is compelled to act on two or more
equally the same moral options but she cannot choose both.

Multi-person dilemma
• Occurs in situations that involve several persons like a family, an
organization, or a community who is expected to come up with
consensual decision on a moral issue at hand.
THE VALUE OF STUDYING ETHICAL THEORIES
OR FRAMEWORKS
 ETHICAL
Ethical theories are important to study in order to
establish a strong foundation for challenging situations
or guide decisions — how do we know whether
THEORIES
something is right or wrong? How can we use ethical
theories and frameworks to help us determine
OR
appropriate legislation or whether or not a particular
technology is designed to be ethical? The good news is
FRAMEWORK
that for many centuries, philosophers have discussed
theoretical ways of understanding morality and ethics
and have theorized various ways to guide moral living.
 Consequence Based (Utilitarian)
• this perspective, founded by Jeremy Bentham,
focuses on consequences and results and the pursuit
of common good — a central goal is to maximize
happiness and minimize suffering for the most
The following is a brief summary of the
people.
most common categories of ethical
theories and frameworks.
Duty Based (Deontology)
• this perspective, founded by Immanuel Kant, is
focused on binding rules and one’s obligation and
duty to family, country, church, or other etc. One’s
motive is important; results or consequences of
one’s actions are not the focus.
 Contract Based (Rights)
• this perspective is about rights and agreements
between people; not necessarily about character,
consequences, or principles.
The following is a brief summary of the
most common categories of ethical
theories and frameworks.

Character Based (Virtue)

• founded by Aristotle, this perspective is focused on
virtue and practicing good.
THANK YOU!

Prepared By| Samuel Galus | Genesis Joy Marbella