Professional Documents
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Operations Management
Talk 6:
Inventory management
Linh Phuc
Email: tgkhoafmt01@hanu.edu.vn
MSTeam: tgkhoafmt10@hanu.edu.vn
• Reading material: Chapter 12, Stevenson, W.J. (2021). Operations Management,
edition 14th. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
• Case study: P. 557 - 560, Chapter 12, Jay Heizer, Barry Render (2020). Operations
Management, Sustainability and Supply chain management, edition 13th. Pearson.
Content
• Types and Functions of Inventories
01
• Inventory Counting Systems
02
Products or components
that are no longer raw
Work-in- • Flow time: during most of the time a product is
materials but have yet to
process (WIP) “being made,” it is in fact sitting idle.
become finished
products.
Maintenance,
The supplies necessary • Risk hedging: No one knows when the
repair, and to keep machinery and equipment need to be repaired/ replaced/
operating processes productive. maintained -> Better to be prepared.
supplies (MRO)
B. Functions of inventories
To provide a
selection of goods
for anticipated To decouple
customer demand various parts of
and to separate the production
the firm from process.
fluctuations in
that demand.
To hedge against
To take advantage
inflation and
of quantity
upward price
discounts.
changes.
Inventory Counting
02
Systems
A. Different types of Inventory Counting Systems
B. Bar code
C. Stock keeping units
A. Different types of Inventory Counting Systems
Periodic System:
Physical count of items in
inventory made at periodic
intervals (weekly, monthly).
Mã Số
Mã Quốc Mã sản
Doanh kiểm
gia phẩm
nghiệp tra
C. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Definition: A technology that enables huge amounts of information to be
stored on chips (called tags), to be read at a distance by readers without
requiring line-of-sight scanning and to be updated.
Big Data
Database
RFID Middleware
(Computer & ERP)
Transponder
D. Stock keeping units (SKUs)
alphanumeric codes unique to each business. They can be used to identify a product’s
traits such as brand, size, color, price, and customer type.
03 Reorder point
(ROP)
1. Lead time demand
Definition: The amount of
inventory needed during lead time
(which is the time for suppliers to
prepare and delivers their products
to us).
2. Safety Stock
Definition: The amount of inventory used to cushion uncertainties due to
fluctuations in supply, demand, and/or delivery lead time.
3. Reorder point (ROP) Lead
time
Definition: When the quantity on
hand of an item drops to this
amount, the item is reordered to
avoid a stockout (i.e., running out
of stock). Lead time
demand
04 How much to order or
to produce?
A. Assumptions
B. Total annual cost (TC)
C. Different models
• Economic Order Quantity Model
• Quantity Discount Model
• Economic Production Quantity Model
A. Assumptions
1. The entire order is
delivered in one shipment Quantity Discount
Model
2. Annual demand (D) is Find Optimal
known and constant order quantity
Where:
Cycle time (the time between setups of consecutive runs) =
Run time (the production phase of the cycle) =
Inventory level
Runtime=EPQ/p
u
Thank you