Ujian Korelasi Spara

(Partial Correlation)
 Concept
• Partial correlation measures the degree of association
between two random variables, with the effect of a set of
controlling random variables removed. If we are
interested in finding whether or to what extent there is a
numerical relationship between two variables of interest,
using their correlation coefficient will give misleading
results if there is another, confounding, variable that is
numerically related to both variables of interest. This
misleading information can be avoided by controlling for
the confounding variable, which is done by computing
the partial correlation coefficient.
An Experimental Study
 Fungsi (Aplikasi)
• Mengenal pasti perhubungan antara
sekurang-kurangnya dua pemboleh ubah
dengan mengawal kesan pemboleh ubah
kawalan.
• Pemboleh ubah kawalan adalah pemboleh
ubah yang tidak ingin dikaji dalam kajian,
tetapi mungkin memberi kesan kepada
pemboleh ubah kajian
 Functions (Applications)
• Identifies the relationship between at least
two variables by controlling the effect of
the control (confounding/covariate)
variable.
• Control variables are variables that are not
wanted in the study, but may affect the
study variables
 Contoh
• Objektif Kajian
• Mengenal pasti perkaitan antara keintiman
hubungan dengan tiga elemen personal
iaitu ethnocentrism, tolerate ambiguity,
dan mindfulness dengan mengawal socio
communicative orientation.
 Example
• Research Objective:
• To identifying the relationship between
intimacy in relationships with three
personal elements namely ethnocentrism,
tolerate ambiguity, and mindfulness by
controlling socio communicative
orientation.
 Conceptual Framework
• IV DV

Entocentrism

Intimacy.
Tolerate
Ambiguity

Mindfulness
socio
communicative
• orientation. CV
 Keperluan Data
• Semua pemboleh ubah kajian diukur
dengan skala selang (interval) atau skala
nisbah (ratio)
• ATAU
• Satu pemboleh ubah selanjar dan
pemboleh ubah dikotomi (0,1) (cth:
Jantina)
• 1-3 pemboleh ubah kawalan
 Data Requirements
• All study variables were measured by interval
(interval) or ratio (ratio) (Continuous
variables)
• OR
• One continuous variable and on dichotomous
variable/Dummy variable (0,1) (e.g. gender)
(Amanda J. Rockinson)
• 1-3 intervening variables
(control/confounding variables)
 Five assumptions:
•Assumption #1: You have one (dependent) variable and one (independent) variable
and these are both measured on a continuous scale (i.e., they are measured on an
interval or ratio scale).
•Assumption #2: You have one or more control variables, also known as covariates
(i.e., control variables are just variables that you are using to adjust the relationship
between the other two variables; that is, your dependent and independent variables).
These control variables are also measured on a continuous scale (i.e., they are
continuous variables). Examples of continuous variables are provided above.
•Assumption #3: There needs to be a linear relationship between all three variables.
That is, all possible pairs of variables must show a linear relationship.
•Assumption #4: There should be no significant outliers. Outliers are simply single
data points within your data that do not follow the usual pattern. Partial correlation is
sensitive to outliers, which can have a very large effect on the line of best fit and the
correlation coefficient, leading to incorrect conclusions regarding your data. Therefore, it
is best if there are no outliers or they are kept to a minimum.
•Assumption #5: Your variables should be approximately normally distributed. A
simpler method is more commonly used whereby the distribution for each variable
individually is tested. This can be achieved using the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality,
which is easily tested for using SPSS Statistics.
 EXERCISE 1
• Variables of research:
• Dependent Variable: Intimate
Relationship
• Independent Variable: Empathy ability
• Control/confounding/covariate Variable:
• 1. Socio-communicative orientation
• 2. Talkaholic
 Video
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LF0W
AVBIhNA
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ty1owI
oev3o
• SUBMIT YOUR ASSIGNMENT VIA
EMAIL
• jusang@upm.edu.my and cc.
abdullahjus64@gmail.com
 Assignment 1
• Run Partial Correlation base on data
provided.
• A. Research Objective
• B. Conceptual Frame work
• C. Hypothesis
• D. Result (Interpretation, table and
discussion, implication and suggestion)
• E. Appendix: SPSS out put.
• Due Date: 16 November 2022