Exercise – 1

Good speech
Speech is the faculty or act of manner of speaking.

It is also the thing or remark said.

It is also a brief statement on foreign and domestic

affaires and on the chief.

It is also meant to be language of group, region.

James H. McBurney and Ernest J. Wrage define
speech as, the communication of ideas and feelings
by means of visible and credible symbols
originating on the speaker, whether speech be
private or public. Original and interpretive, it is all
oral communication, dealing with thoughts and
ideas, employing symbols – sound, words,
inflection, gestures.
When speech is good
Generally the criteria used by some people in
judging when speech is good, are
1.Nature of response – by the results of speech is
good one.
2.Soundness of speakers position – by the truth of
speech.
3.Motive and intension of the speaker.
4.Principles of the art of good speech.
 Exercise – 2
Personal Interview
Things to be do
Sleep well -
A good night sleep is essential to stay fresh in body
and mind.
Be ready with your interview dress and keep your
shoes polished.
Never eat late or have an extra drink the night
before interview.
Be on time -
Travelling to the interview can be stressful,
especially if you have to comate a long distance.
Arriving late for whatever reasons is totally
inexcusable.
Dress for the job or company -
It is important to know what to wear to an interview
and to be well groomed.
Practice good non-verbal communication -
It is about demonstrating confidence, standing
straight, making eye contact and connectivity with a
firm handshake, that first non-verbal impression can
be a great beginning or quick ending to your
interview.
Listen -
From the very beginning of the interview, your
interview is giving you information, either directly or
indirectly.
If you are not hearing it, you are missing a major
opportunity.
Good communication skill include listening and letting
other person know you heard what was said.
Observe your interview and match that style and space.
Don’t talk to much -
Telling the interviewer more than he needs to know
could be a fatal mistake.
When you have not prepared ahead of time, you
may ramble when answering interview questions,
sometimes talking yourself out of the job.
Don’t to be familiar -
Interview is a professional meeting to talk business.
This is not about making a new friend.
It is important to bring energy and enthusiasm to
interview and to ask question, but do not overlap
your place as candidate looking for the job.
Use appropriate language -
It is given that you should use professional
language during the interview.
Be aware of any inappropriate slang words or
references to age, religion, politics or sexual
orientation.
Attitude -
Play a key role in interview success.
There is a fine balance between confidence,
professionalism and modesty.
Take care to answer the question -
When interviewer ask for an example of a time
when you did something, they are assuming
behavioural interview question, which are designed
to elicit a sample of your past behaviour.
 Exercise – 3
Group discussion
What is group discussion –
It is a methodology or is simple language you
may call it as interview process or a group activity.
It is one of the best tool to select prospective
candidate is in comparative perspective.
This methodology is used by organization to
judge whether candidate has certain personality or
trait or skill that is wishful.
 In this methodology certain topic is given to the
group of candidates and given few minutes to
think about that and discuss among themselves
for 15-20 minutes.
 Evaluation is done by subject specialist based on
discussion.
 Expert usually prepared analyzing the various
facts.
Various personality traits GD trying to judge
include
Communication skill
Interpersonal skill
Leadership skill
Motivational skill
Team building skill
Logical skill
Reasoning ability
 Different thinking
 Initiative
 Assertiveness
 Flexibility
 Creativity
GD evaluates how person can function as a part of
team.
This is one of the reason why management institute
include GD as component of selection
Advantages
It helps to shed away the shyness of a candidate
and brings his viewpoint amidst all.
It simulates to think in different and new way.
It helps the candidate is understanding his / her
own weakness and strength.
It helps to analyze the social or economic issues
more logically.
Do’s and Don’ts at GD
Be natural as possible. Don’t try to be someone
that you are not. Be yourself.
Sit with straight and confident posture.
Be assertive yet humble. You need to stick to
your volume and belief, but learn to respect the
value and opinion of others too.
 Make eye contact with all the participants. It
creates more room for conversation. Also keep
nodding when other speaks, it shows receptivity.
 Be an active and dynamic participant . The
examiner wants to hear you speak. So do put
forth your view.
 Be positive and prepare your thoughts well but
do not be overconfident.
 Facilitate contribution from others. Do not just
go on and on with only your opinioned view.
 When raising an objection to a point kept by
another speaker, back it up with solid reason to
get the point across.
 Use quotes, facts and figures.
 Exercise – 4
Public Speaking
What is Public Speaking –
PS is the process of act of performing a
presentation (a speech) focused live audience in a
structured deliberate manner in order to inform,
influence or entertain them.
PS is commonly understood as the formal, face to
face talking of a single person to a group of
listeners.
Methods and techniques –
Objective of the PS presentation can range from
simply transmitting information to motivating
people to act, to simply telling a story.

PS will happen naturally over a period of time as

your willing to take on the challenge.
Recommendations to be followed in PS:
Consider fear and anxiety as a motivation force to
off through circumstances with acceptance.
Try to make eye contact right from the beginning.
Breath in and out meditationaly to reduce
overwhelm.
Include humour to achieve the tension within the
audience towards the subject but avoid using
offensive jokes etc.
 Drink water to avoid getting a dry mouth from
adunalise and eat before speaking to help reduce
anxiety.
 Be consistent with the topic and its content.
 Use relative language, it will help engage the
audience and increase their understanding of the
speech.
 Avoid over-preparing and under preparing.
 Try to finish the speech straight.
 Try to be authentic, its what people respond to.
 Keep a backing plan notes / scripts if the preparation
technology goes wrong.
 Avoid attempts to get applause because it can be
quickly identified by the audience as oversite.
 Engaging the audience with any organisational
history. Highlighted the good work, the organisation
is doing, the power of ideas and the change it is
bringing forth.
 The 6 I’s model of credibility for PS are:
 Ideation
 Information
 Influence
 Integrity
 Impact
 Ignition
A common fear of public speaking is called “Gloss
phobic”.
This state of response by many beginners can be
confused with normal verves as opposed to being
recognized as anxiety with a genuine phobia.
Tools:
Technology used and the methods of this form of
communication have traditionally been through and
rely on an audience.
However, as societies and cultures evolved over
time, the tools used in PS have under-gone some
modification.
New advance in technology have allowed for
more sophisticated.
 Communication for speakers and public across,
the speaker can speak with aid of a PA system or
microphone and loud speaker.
 Today the technological and media sources that
assist the public speaking include both video-
conferencing and telecommunication.
 Exercise – 5
Communication methods
 A method is a procedure or process for attaining
an objective.
 The choice of a channel (or) method of
communication, also known as extension
teaching methods.
 Generally depends on the number and location of
the target audience and the time available for
communication.
 Classification of communication methods
Communication methods adopted in extension may
be classified as follows:
1.Individual methods
1. Farm and home visit
2. Farmers call
3. Personal letter
4. Adoptive or minikit trial
5. Farm clinic
2. Group methods
1. Result demonstration
2. Method demonstration
3. Group method
4. Small group training
5. Field day or farmers day
6. Study tour
3. Mass methods
1. Farm publication
2. Mass meeting
3. Campaign
4. Exhibition
5. News paper
6. Radio
7. Television
1. Individual methods
Extension agent communicate with the people
‘individually’, maintaining separate identity of
each person.
This method is followed when the number of
people to be contacted are few and connectivity
located close to the communicator and sufficient
time is available for communication.
Advantages:
1. Help the extension agent in building rapport.
2. Facilities gaining first hand knowledge of farm
and home.
3. Helps in selecting demonstrates and local leaders.
4. Helps in changing attitude of the people.
5. Helps in teaching complex practice.
6. Facilitates transfer of technologies.
7. Facilitates getting feedback information.
8. Enhance effectiveness of group and mass methods.
Limitations:
1. Time consuming and expensive.
2. Low coverage of audience.
3. Develop favouritism or bias towards some person.
2. Group methods
Extension agent communicates with the people in
group and not as individual persons.
Advantages
1.Enable the extension agent to have face to face
contact with a number of people at a time.
2.Can reach a select part of the target group.
3.Facilitates sharing of knowledge and experience and
thereby strength learning of the group members
4. Reach fewer people, but after more opportunities for
interaction and feedback.
5. Satisfies the basic urge of people for social contacts.
6. Motivate people to accept change due to group
influence.
7. More effective than mass method in stimulating
action.
Limitations:
1. Wide diversity in the interest of group members
may create a difficult learning situations.
2. Holding the meeting may be regarded as an officer
in itself.
3. Vested interests, caste group and village faction
may hinder free from interaction and decission
making by the group members.
3. Mass methods
Extension agent communicate with a vast and
heterogeneous mass of people, without taking into
consideration on their individual or group identity.
The normal group boundary gets obliteration.
Advantages:
1. Suitable for creating awareness among the people.
2. Helps in transferring knowledge and changing
opinions.
3. Large number of people may be communicate
within short time.
4. Facilitates quick communication in time of
emergency.
5. Reinforce previous learning.
6. Less expensive due to more coverage.
Limitations:
1. Less intensive method.
2. Little scope for personal contact with the audience.
3. Little opportunities for interaction with and amongst
the audience.
4. Little control over the response of the audience.
5. Difficulty in getting feedback information and
evaluation of results.
 Exercise – 6
Written Communication
 It is form of verbal communication.
 Communication which is performed through various
written documents.
 Every organisation uses written communication
comprehensively.
 Continuous written communication overflow from
Boss to subordinates or vice-versa.
 It is widely used as written documents can work as
reference and evidence of any transaction or
organisations activity for future at any time.
Instruments for written communication
1. Letter
2. Memos
3. Notes
4. Reports
5. Journals etc.
Main elements to written communication
 Structure (the way the content is laid out)
 Style (the way it is written)
 Content ( what you are writing about)
 Do’s and Don’ts of written communication
Do’s of written communication
1. Do keep writing as simple and clear as possible.
2. Do write with readers in mind.
3. Act the grammar right.
4. Check for the spelling, punctuation in the sentence.
5. Do structure and organise your writing
6. Do choose an appropriate tone while conveying a
written message to someone.
Don’ts of written communication:
1. Don’t be unprofessional in writing.
2. Don’t use sarcasms jokingly in written
communication.
3. If it is hand written, make sure it is visible.
4. Don’t be careless while addressing someone.
5. Don’t include those facts in your writing which have
not been checked their accuracy.