HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF

TECHNOLOGY

INDUSTRY 4.0 IN MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING REPORT

Applications of 3D printing in manufactuing & life

Member Instructor
Nguyễn Nhật Tiến Phạm Ngọc Tuấn
Nguyễn Sỹ Hiền
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Đoàn Hoài Nam
 OUTLINE OF
CONTENTS
• APPLICATION IN
MANUFACTURING
2. APPLICATION IN LIFE
3. REFERENCES OF REPORT

Mechanical falculty of engineering PAGE 02

 • APPLICATION IN
MANUFACTURING
Rapid prototyping
Rapid prototyping was the first and remains the largest application for 3D
printing. Iterations from proof-of-concept through to functional prototype can
all be 3D printed. Whether outsourced or in-house, using 3D printers speeds
up the rapid prototyping significantly through removing traditional
bottlenecks in tooling and/or shipping. Rapid prototyping can also
increasingly be done using the same 3D printing technology as will be used
for the final product.

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 • APPLICATION IN
MANUFACTURING
AEROSPACE AND DEFENSE INDUSTRY (A&D
INDUSTRY)
The aerospace and defense (A&D) industry is one of the earliest adopters of 3D
printing, with the first use of the technology going back to 1989. Now, three decades
later, A&D represents a 16.8% share of the $10.4 billion additive manufacturing
market and heavily contributes to ongoing research efforts within the industry. The
advancement of AM within A&D is in large part driven by key industry players,
including GE, Airbus, Boeing, Safran and GKN.

A few examples of parts that can be produced with 3D printing include air ducts
(SLS), wall panels (FDM) and even structural metal components (DMLS, EBM,
DED).

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 3D-PRINTED ROCKET COMPONENTS

One example of this is an injector head for the Ariane 6 launcher, developed by
ArianeGroup, a joint venture of Airbus Group and Safran.
An injector head is one of the core elements of a propulsion module, which forces
the fuel mixture into the combustion chamber.
In the case of the injector head for the Ariane 6 launcher, the team took a design
that originally required 248 components and reduced it down to one 3D-printed
part. The material used for the part was a nickel-based alloy.
While casting and machining used to take longer than three months, the
production time with AM was reduced to 35 hours, using an EOS M 400-4 3D
printer with four parallel lasers. An additional advantage included a cost reduction
of 50%.

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A 3D-PRINTED INJECTOR HEAD FOR ARIANE 6
LAUNCHER
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 AIRCRAFT INTERIOR
COMPONENTS
In 2018, Airbus has produced and is set to install 3D-printed spacer panels on its
commercial A320 aircraft. Traditionally, new plastic components would be
produced using injection molding — an expensive and complex procedure for the
low volumes, specialized requirements and high complexity needed.

With 3D printing (FDM), Airbus has been able to produce components with
complex features like lattice structures, without any additional manufacturing
cost. The result: spacer panels that are 15% lighter than panels created using
traditional methods — contributing to the weight reduction of the aircraft itself.

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 3D PRINTING FOR
AUTOMOTIVE
3D-PRINTED CUSTOM
SEATS

Porsche has recently introduced a new concept for sports car seating that
leverages 3D printing and lattice design.
The new seats feature polyurethane 3D-printed central seat and backrest cushion
sections, which can be customized by three firmness levels: hard, medium, and
soft.
With its personalized seating, the German automaker is taking cues from the
motorsport sector, where customized driver-specific seat fitting is a norm.

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PAGE 09
 3D PRINTING IN CONSTRUCTION

Shanghai firm WinSun Decoration Design Engineering has used large 3D printers
to spray a mixture of quick drying cement and recycled raw materials. This has
enabled them to construct 10 small demonstration 'houses' in less than 24 hours.
Their system fabricates blocks off-site by layering the cement mix in a diagonally
reinforced pattern. The blocks are then assembled on site. Winsun believes it will
be possible to use the technique to build larger houses or even skyscrapers in the
future.

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3D PRINTING IN CONSTRUCTION

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 3D
BRIDGE
In Spain, the first pedestrian bridge printed in 3D in the world (3DBRIDGE) was
inaugurated on 14 December 2016 in the urban park of Castilla-La Mancha in
Alcobendas, Madrid. The 3DBUILD technology used was developed by
ACCIONA, who was in charge of the structural design, material development and
manufacturing of 3D printed elements. The bridge has a total length of 12m and a
width of 1.75m and is printed in micro-reinforced concrete. Architectural design
was done by the Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC).

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 2. APPLICATION IN LIFE
MEDICAL/HEALTHCARE
US-based medical laboratory and research company Organovo is experimenting
with printing liver and intestinal tissue to help with the studying of organs in vitro,
as well as with drug development for certain diseases. In May 2018, the company
presented pre-clinical data for the functionality of its liver tissue in a program for
type 1 tyrosinemia, a condition that impedes the body’s ability to metabolize the
amino acid tyrosine due to the deficiency of an enzyme, developing a 3D brain
organoid with potential applications in drug discovery and disease modelling. The
university announced in May 2018 that it’s organoids have a fully cell-based,
functional blood brain barrier that mimics normal human anatomy. It has also been
working on 3D printing skin grafts that can be applied directly to burn victims.

BIOPRINTING TISSUES AND PAGE

ORGANOIDS 13
 MEDICAL/HEALTHCARE
ORGA
N

There is a major health crisis in terms of the shortage of organs. Since 2013, the
total number of patients requiring a transplant has doubled while the number of
available donor organs has remained relatively the same. According to the Health
Resources & Services Administration, every day 17 people die waiting for an
organ transplant in the US. This issue is now a public health crisis. Fortunately,
due to the advancement of technology, three-dimensional (3D)-printed organs
have become a reality.
In 2019, Israeli researchers from Tel Aviv University unveiled the world’s first 3D
printed heart with human tissue.

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ORGA
N

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 PROSTHETI
C when considering that they’re best
Prosthetics become even more expensive
when custom fit, making production slow and costly. This is where 3D printing
has proven to be an incredible alternative for producing prosthetics, being an
affordable manufacturing technique that can work with many different materials
and offer easy customization.

Nowadays, many companies are placing their bets on 3D printed prosthetics and
working to make them accessible to everyone who needs them. Even home 3D
printers are much more affordable than a traditional prosthetic limb, and you can
find DIY prosthetics that are free to print yourself

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 PROSTHETI
C
CRE-004 PROSTHESIS - A PROSTHETIC LEG YOU CAN 3D PRINT AT HOME
FOR FREE

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 IMPLANT
S and X-rays, hospitals can 3D print a
By using the patient's data from scans
custom implant that fits precisely into the defect space.
Studies show that patient-specific implants shorten surgery time, lower risks of
infection, result in better outcomes, and dramatically reduce the length of a
hospital stay. 3D printing the implants as needed also relieves the hospital from
having to keep an inventory of expensive implants on hand.
After an accident left a 40-year-old woman in Sweden with a massive head injury
late last year, she received a 3D-printed implant made from a plastic called PEEK
to repair her skull.

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3D-PRINTED SKULL IMPLANT BY GERMAN MEDTECH START-UP
KUMOVIS.
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 NERV
E
Researchers used 3D imaging and 3D printing techniques to create “a
custom silicone guide implanted with biochemical cues to help nerve
regeneration,” according to a press release out of the University of Minnesota’s
College of Science and Engineering. This guide, or sleeve that mimics the
damaged nerve, was tested on rats. It seemed to help regrow both the sensory and
motor (controls movement) nerves.

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 DENTA
Replace or repair a damaged tooth: TheL dentist scans the patient’s mouth with a
small digital wand. This creates a 3D image of the teeth and gums, which is saved
as a computer file. Computer Aided Design (CAD) software enables the dentist to
digitally design the tooth repair and print the finished product on a 3D printer.
Create an orthodontic model: Pre-3D printer technology includes having the
patient bite down on gooey, uncomfortable clay so it could harden into a mold,
which becomes the initial model for designing a treatment for braces or Invisalign.
This is not so with 3D printing. A dentist can use the same technology highlighted
in the first example to scan the teeth, design an orthodontic appliance and print the
end result in-house.

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 3D PRINTING OF SURGICAL
INSTRUMENTS
Sterile surgical instruments, such as forceps, hemostats, scalpel handles and
clamps, can be produced using 3D printers.
Not only does 3D printing produce sterile tools, but some are also based on the
ancient Japanese practice of origami, meaning they are precise and can be made
very small. These instruments can be used to operate on tiny areas without causing
unnecessary extra damage to the patient.
One of the main benefits of using 3D printing rather than traditional manufacturing
methods to produce surgical instruments is the production costs are significantly
lower.

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 TRAININ
G
Surgical education and training previously relied on textbook illustration, 2D
scans, animal testing and an apprenticeship model that involved long
observation periods prior to hands-on experience with rare procedures.
Recent 3D printing advances provide doctors and researchers the tools to
create patient and condition-specific anatomy models for education and
research.

“3D VASCULAR MODELS REPRESENT A NEW PARADIGM FOR TRAINING THE NEXT
GENERATION OF DOCTORS. THIS PARADIGM INCLUDES SURGICAL AND ENDOVASCULAR
SIMULATION AND SKILLS EVALUATION BEFORE THEY ARE ALLOWED TO TREAT
PATIENTS,” SAID DR. L. NELSON HOPKINS

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 FOOD
Food 3D printing has been growing rapidly in the past few years and already
we are seeing 3D printed food being sold and even offered in universities and
there are more and more 3D printers designed specifically for food 3D
printing. From meat to desserts and everything in between, initiatives mixing
3D technologies and food are increasingly common as they allow for not just
more complex and original shapes and innovative recipes, but also adapt to
specific diets.

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 3D PRINTED MEAT

Additive manufacturing has now made it possible not only to produce meat
substitutes such as those from Nova Meat or Redefine Meat, but even “real”
meat products can be 3D printed. This is achieved by means of a process in
which viable animal cells are used in the 3D printing process. In the future,
this could put an end to factory farming with the help of additive
manufacturing, which makes it possible to produce muscle as well as fat cells
with pinpoint precision and industrial production speed. Hybrid products that
combine the advantages of animal and vegetable protein are also well
received by consumers, as the cooperation between the two companies
Meatech and Enough shows

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 3D PRINTED MEAT

MEATECH 3D BIOPRINTING A SLAB OF REAL MEAT

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 THE 3D PRINTED SEAFOOD MAKING
WAVES
In the food 3D printing sector, the Austrian start-up Revo Foods has
recently been making the news. Using various plants, the startup aims to
3D print several seafood products, such as salmon slices

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 TURNING FOOD WASTE INTO 3D PRINTED
CUTLERY
the Barbara Gollackner studio launched last year an original 3D printed
tableware made from industrial food waste. Called Wasteware, the
tableware includes plates, cutlery and even bowls – interesting initiatives to
promote recycling and the circular economy.

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 ART - Sculpture
The 3D printing revolution has brought fame to numerous 3D artists
like Joshua Harker, a well-known American artist and considered a
pioneer & visionary in 3D printed art & sculptures

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 ART - Lithophanes
Lithophanes are essentially embossed photos generated by a 3D printer.
The print results don’t show much at first but shine some light through
one, and you’ll be amazed by the details. The way it works is that light
passes through the thin parts while being blocked by the thick parts. In
this way, the differences in light bring out the image details.

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 Democratizes fine art
The cost of a quality art education and art supplies is expensive and
continues to rise. 3D printing is one way many artists can use new
technology to communicate their message uniquely and economically

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 Art reproductions
Recently, 3D printing has entered the artworld: paintings are being printed,
preserving their visual and material qualities in every detail. The possibilities
3D printing offer have become an important topic of interest. Events such as
the fire in the Notre Dame cathedral in Paris and the Islamic State's destruction
of archaeological sites, underscore the fragility of our heritage. It is precisely
here that technology can offer ways of reviving and preserving material
qualities of (lost) artifacts, artworks made of unstable materials and objects in
museum collections
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3. REFERENCES OF REPORT

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That is the end of our presentation

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