MAHARANI’S SCIENCE COLLEGE

FOR WOMEN MYSORE

GENERALIZED REPRODUCTION OF CHLAMYDOMON

Represented by
Rakshitha T
1St MSc
CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 Classification
 Structure of Chlamydomonas
 Reproduction of Chlamydomonas
 Asexual reproduction
 Sexual reproduction
 Conclusion
 Reference
 INTRODUCTION
 Ehrenberg described the genus of Chlamydomonas in 1883,and
Dangeard the species C,reulinhardtii in 1888 .
 It is found by in stagnant water,pond water.
 It is one of the most primitive Eukaryotic organisms in the plant
kingdom
 It is widely distributed fresh water and free swimming green algae
 There are about 500 specie’s.
CLASSIFICATION

 Kingdom – Plantae
 Division. – Chlorophyta
 Class -- Chlorophyceae
 Order -- Volvocales
 Family – Chlamydomonadaceae
 Genus -- Chlamydomonas
STRUCTURE OF CHLAMYDOMONAS
 Chlamydomonas is unicellular, motile,green algae.
 The thallus is represented by a single cell.
 The shape of thallus can be oval, spherical,oblong ellipsoidal or pyriform.
 The pyriform or pear shaped thalli are common.
 They have narrow anterior end and a broad posterior end.
STRUCTURE OF CHLAMYDOMONAS
STRUCTURE OF CHLAMYDOMONAS
 Cell wall : It Is the outermost layer of chlamydomonas which
provides a definite shape to cell.
 It is made up of cellulose , it’s covered by mucilage envelope.
 Flagella: It’s anterior end has two flagella of isokontae type,
these flagella arise just close to basal granule.
 Basal granule:These are one pair which lies near the flagella,
the basal granule are connected by a thread like structure
called paradesmos.
 Contractile vacuole: there are one pair, there lies just beneath
the basal granule or flagella.
 These help in respiration and excretion.
STRUCTURE OF CHLAMYDOMONAS
 Chloroplast: It is cup shaped Structure found on the widerpart ,the shape of
chloroplast varies according to species.
 Eye spot /Stigma/Pigment spot :A eye spot is found near the contractile
vacuole,this is reddish or brownish in colour ,It is a photoreceptor organ which is
sensitive to light,it provides direction to the organism at the time of movement.
 Pyrenoid:It is found in chloroplast made up of protein, this pyrenoid is surrounded
by starch,the number of pyrenoid varies according to species.
 Nucleus : A nucleus is present in between the cell,it is found in the cytoplasm.
REPRODUCTION OF CHLAMYDOMONAS
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
ZOOSPORES
This takes place in favorable condition.
The Chlamydomonas draws it’s flagella becomes non motile

and are in resting stage .

The protoplast of the cell divides longitudinally into two

daughter protoplast.
These daughter protoplast again divides several time and

forms 2-16 daughter protoplast.

The nucleus of cell also divides in this process.
Now each daughter protoplast forms their wall , flagella

. eye spot,ect.
These daughter protoplast are called zoospores.
Likewise several zoospores are formed by a parental cell.
As the parent cell wall bursts,all zoospores liberated.
There zoospores develops into a new Chlamydomonas plant.
ZOOSPORES
 APLANOSPORES
 The Aplanospores are formed slightly under unfavorable
conditions.
 The parent cell loses flagella.
 The protoplast rounds off and secretes a thin wall outside but
does not develop.
 These non motile structure are called Aplanospores.
 On approach of favourable conditions Aplanospores,many
germinates either directly or divide to produce zoospores.
HYPNOSPORE

 In extreme unfavorable condition the protoplast develops thick

wall and the structure developed is called Hypnospore.
 These are red coloured due to the presence of a red Pigment
called the haematochrome .
 The Hypnospore also germinate like aplanospores on approach of
favourable conditions.
PALMELLA STAGE
 This takes place in unfavorable condition, when the pond starts to
dry.
 The motile cell loose their flagella becomes non motile and goes
on resting stage.
 It’s protoplast starts to divides inside the parent cell wall.
 The daughter protoplast divides, inside in group and being
covered by mucilage.
 In each mucilage envelope have several cells which forms a
colony,this stage is called palmella stage .
 After sometime,in the approach condition there daughter cells
becomes motile.
 As the present cell wall burst all the cells form an independent
plant
PALMELLA STAGE
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
ISOGAMOUS
 Most of the Chlamydomonas species are isogamous in nature.
 In isogamous reproduction the fusion of gametes, which are
similar in size, shape and Structure take place, There gametes are
morphologically similar but physiologically dissimilar.
 These are vegatative cells which may directly function as gametes
without undergoing any division.
 The two gametes fuse by their anterior ends and later fusion
proceeds to lateral sides , the contact walll dissolve and
fertilization occur which eads to the forming of quadiflagellate
zygote.
 The zygote later on loses flagella and gets covered by a thick wall
and is now called zygospore.
FORMATION OF ISOGAMOUS
 ANISOGAMOUS
 In anisogamous reproduction the gametes are unequal in size.
 The male gametes or microgametes are smaller,the female
gametes or macrogametes are larger .
 The macrogamete are formed in female gametogium in which the
protoplast divides to make 2 to 4 gametes only.
 The microgametes are formed in male gametagium where the
protoplast divides to make 8 to 16 gametes, the microgametes
are more active than macrogametes.
 The microgametes come close to the macrogametes, the
protoplast of microgametes enters into macrogametes and after
fusion a diploid zygote is formed,the zygote secretes a thick wall
and transforms into zygospore.
FORMATION OF ANISOGAMOUS
 OOGAMOUS
 The oogamous sexual reproduction takes place in C.coccifera and
C.ooganum.
 The vegetative thallus functioning as female cell withdraws it’s
flagella and directly functions as non motile macrogametes or egg.
 The microgametes are formed by four divisions of protoplast as in
case in anisogamous reproduction.
 The microgametes reaches the female gametes and unites by
anterior ends.
 The contact Wall between two dissolve,after plasmogamy and
karyogamy a diploid zygote is formed.
 The zygote secretes a thick wall and transforms into zygospore.
CONCLUSION
 Chlamydomonas,genus of green algae biflagellated single
celled organisms of disputed classification,
 Asexual reproduction is by zoospores; Sexual reproduction is

by formation of gametes,
 The development of motility, sexual differentiation and

gamete fusion seems dependent on the production of

substance (termones, gamones) that have a regulatory action
similar to hormones.
 REFERENCE
 First,by Nirja publishers, Reprint in 2012,2013 Botany
book, Algae
THANK YOU