Amplitude Modulation

Dr CS Lubobya

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 Outline
• Introduction
• AM transmitter
• High and low level AM
• Amplitude modulation process
• Derivation of AM sidebands
• Power in AM
• AM bandwidth
• References
• Tutorial
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 Introduction
• Analogue modulation –AM, FM, PM
• Digital modulation scheme: ASK, FSK, QPSK,
QAM,etc
• Am transmitter and AM modulation
• LSB and USB , including power content
• Low and high level AM modulation

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 AM Transmitter
• Block diagram
– In Modulator the audio modulates the RF
amplitude

RF Power Low-pass
Modulator
oscillator amplifier filter

AF
amplifier
Microphone

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 low level amplitude modulation
• Low level modulation

• The amplified modulating signal is applied to the

modulator signal along with carrier. At the
output of the modulator we get the AM wave.
• This AM signal is then amplified using a chain of
linear amplifiers to raise its power level.
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 High level amplitude modulation
• Here the carrier generated by the stabilized
crystal oscillator is first amplified to the
adequate power level using class C RF
amplifiers.

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 High level amplitude modulation
• The modulating signal also is amplified to a
high power level before modulation takes
• The modulation takes place in the last class C
RF amplifier.The modulator output is Am
wave which can be directly transmitted

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 Simple AM Modulation circuits

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 Amplitude Modulation

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 AM side bands

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 Modulation factor or index

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 LSB and USB
• From equation 3.5 we can write the LSB and
USB Frequency spectrum as:

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 Power content in AM

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 Bandwidth
• Signal bandwidth is an important
characteristic of any modulation scheme
• In general, a narrow bandwidth is desirable
• Bandwidth is calculated by:
• BW=2fm…………………………………….(3.6)

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 References
[1] Lloyds Temes, theories and problems in
electronic communication, 2nd ed. New York
1998.

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 Tutorial
Question 1

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 Tutorial
Question 2

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 Tutorial
Question 3

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